The Thacker Myne Owne Ground Book Report Essay - 1098 Words

Cheyenne Thacker Myne Owne Ground Book Report 9-13-16 Myne Owne Ground by T.H Breen and Stephen Innes was wrote to show people that race and ethnic background was not always a discrepancy in the New world. During the mid-1600s it did not matter what race one was to be a servant, it was based on class and how much money one had. Often merchants would make deals with white or black Englishmen that they would pay for their trip to the New World if the Englishmen would work for them for a servant amount of years in place of their payment. Now it was not always this way, in some cases servants did not get this option of freedom very easily. This book goes on to tell about the challenges of the Free Blacks, white and black Servants, Slaves, and how hard it was to obtain freedom. This book also teaches how much easier it was for a black man to obtain property, freedom, and a family that it would have been after the early 1700s when the slave trade began to really take effect. In chapter one â€Å"Patriarch on Pungoteage Creek† it starts to tell the place that slavery had held in the New world. Slavery was in every county in the New colonies. North American Slavery helped develop the South Atlantic Trading System. In Chapter two â€Å"Race Relations as Status and Process† is when the book starts to get a little more interesting. The only way that we know that Anthony Johnson or any of the other names mentioned in the book were black is because the county clerk put beside their name

The Attacment Theory and My Friends Parents Divorce

The life someone lives is not always their choice. Sometimes the events that occur in our lives could be because of our parents. Divorce is becoming more common especially among African Americans. The significant event that I have chosen to reflect on is the divorce of one of my friend parents at the age of sixteen. The theory that I decided to use that would demonstrate this event is the attachment theory. I chose this theory to illustrate the significance of the event by describing her decision on what parent to live with and how she became more resistant of family and others. Growing up as a child life became rough for poor Natalie as she was born a premature baby. That alone had already caused issues between her parents who were emotionally unavailable because of depression going through the divorce, and dealing with a father who raped his other child. Growing up she was insecurely attached more than ever being hospitalized and separated from her parents because of her illness. She experienced insecure attachment mostly as baby while crying and no one responded or offered to comfort her while her parents were gone making her begin to feel like she was mistreated. When nurses would rotate throughout the night at the hospital not every person knew what her needs were for her specific cry. As a baby until this day she still reminisces on the times when she was hungry or wet, and experienced never being attended to for hours. Natalie always felt anxious because the

A Comparison between the Poetry of Homer and Ovid Essay Example For Students

A Comparison between the Poetry of Homer and Ovid Essay The comparison of these battles will give s a better understanding of these poets different views on the Trojan War. This battle also takes place outside the city of Troy, at the beginning of the Trojan War, nine years previous to Achilles battle with Hector. Rumor, the god rumor, told the Trojan that a fleet with a Greek army on board was approaching. The Greek fleet was approaching because Paris, son of King Prima of Troy, had gone to bring back Helen, the wife of King Menelaus of Sparta. After the fight began and blood had been shed everywhere, Cygnus and Achilles had gone on killing massive amounts of enemy soldiers. As best warriors of each respective army, they went to battle themselves. After Achilles hits him with a spear that merely bounces off of his chest, Cygnus tells Achilles that he is the son of Neptune and that he therefore has impenetrable skin. They each continued to throw spears with Cygnus continuing to deflect throws off of his body while all he could do is hit Achilles shield. Achilles temporarily gives up, and questions whether it may be an issue with his weapon or throwing arm. He soon discovers it is neither after impaling Mentees with his spear. Achilles aims once more at Cygnus, again hitting him without leaving as little s a scratch. At this point Achilles comes to an understanding that he will not be able to pierce his skin to kill him, and therefore must chase him down, bludgeon and strangle him. Then, Achilles makes a move at him hitting him the blunt of his sword, pushes him to the ground with his shield and proceeds to strangle him. Upon checking the body after the choking, Achilles sees that the armor was empty. This was due to the fact that Neptune had changed his sons body to that of a swan. Now that I have given a rough setting for book 12 of Metamorphoses, I will give a brief aground of the battle with Hector. Achilles battle with Hector in book 22 of Iliad begins outside of the walls of the city of Troy at the end of the Trojan War. Hector was the last of the Trogons outside of the walls, ignoring his father King Prisms pleads for him to get back to safety inside of the walls of the city. However, Hector believes he must fight for his honor and believes it is more honorable to die as one fighting to defend his city rather than dying an old man. At this same time moment, Achilles is going on a killing spree, because he believes glory is found in the size of he amount of Trojan he kills. This leads to Achilles chasing who he believes is a Trojan, Agenda, but in reality is the god Apollo distracting Achilles. Apollo is acting as a Trojan in order to divert Achilles from his killing of Trojan to save Trojan lives. Achilles anger is heightened due to the trick, and is now even more dangerous to Hector. After realizing that Achilles anger meant there was no chance of negotiation, Hector chose to run. After three laps around the walls of the city, Zeus began to pity Hector but was dissuaded by Athena who informed him that it was Hectors fate to ii. To hurry the process, Athena disguises herself as Dubious and according to Homer she says to him, My brother, swift Achilles is really harassing you, with his fast running around Prisms city in this pursuit. Come, well both stand here, stay put, and beat off his attack. Hector is persuaded by who he believed to his brother, but when he turned to face Achilles he found no one on his side and knew he had been duped by the gods and his fate was sealed. They each threw their spears at each other, doing no damage. However, Achilles spear was retrieved and returned by Athena. When Hector and Achilles charged, Achilles was able to easily stab Hector in the we ak spot of his armor at his neck. The Achaeans proceeded to stab Hectors lifeless body and then tie his body to the back of Achilles chariot dragging his body across the battle field. .ud01d5074156a2daeeb68a5a783d46bf8 , .ud01d5074156a2daeeb68a5a783d46bf8 .postImageUrl , .ud01d5074156a2daeeb68a5a783d46bf8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud01d5074156a2daeeb68a5a783d46bf8 , .ud01d5074156a2daeeb68a5a783d46bf8:hover , .ud01d5074156a2daeeb68a5a783d46bf8:visited , .ud01d5074156a2daeeb68a5a783d46bf8:active { border:0!important; } .ud01d5074156a2daeeb68a5a783d46bf8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud01d5074156a2daeeb68a5a783d46bf8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud01d5074156a2daeeb68a5a783d46bf8:active , .ud01d5074156a2daeeb68a5a783d46bf8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud01d5074156a2daeeb68a5a783d46bf8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud01d5074156a2daeeb68a5a783d46bf8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud01d5074156a2daeeb68a5a783d46bf8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud01d5074156a2daeeb68a5a783d46bf8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud01d5074156a2daeeb68a5a783d46bf8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud01d5074156a2daeeb68a5a783d46bf8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud01d5074156a2daeeb68a5a783d46bf8 .ud01d5074156a2daeeb68a5a783d46bf8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud01d5074156a2daeeb68a5a783d46bf8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Edgar Degas Paintings Comparison and Analysis EssayThe easiest initial similarity and difference is with the setting, both occur at during the Trojan War but as noted by Ovid as Achilles was searching for either Hector or Cygnus, he lighted on Cyan (his duel with Hector was not to take place for another nine years). The battle with Cygnus occurred near the very ginning of the war whereas the battle with Hector occurred near the end. Although the battle with Cygnus occurred earlier in the timeline, Ovid actually wrote it after, as a pre-emotive retelling of the story of the Trojan War. Another comparison that can be drawn is who Achilles is battling with. Although Hector is the greatest of Trojan soldiers at the time, it is obvious that Hector has not yet accepted his death and still feared it. Because of this, Hector runs from Achilles and when caught, tried to plead with Achilles to no prevail. Achilles had no fear and was fighting for glory; e knew that dying in war after being a great soldier would leave glory to his name. Achilles shows this by claiming, As for my fate, Ill accept it whenever Zeus sends it to me. when replying to Hectors last second beg for survival saying the gods will know of Hectors death. In Ovoids telling, Achilles battled an opponent who appeared to be much more courageous, in Cygnus. After Achilles shouted at Cygnus that it was his time to die, Cygnus stood tall and took spears off the body. However, once Achilles charged at Cygnus he also proceeded to run from the fight. Another similarity between the two poems is the intervention of Gods. In Iliad, Athena and Zeus help in the death of Hector. Although Zeus initially looked to help Hector, Athena convinced him not to and went on to trick Hector into facing Achilles in battle. In Metamorphoses, the god Rumor helped the Trojan by informing them of the oncoming fleet of Greek ships. In doing so, it gave the Trojan an opportunity to prepare for the battle. Although these are both godly interventions, they have their different reasons for their involvement. Zeus and Athena did so in order to speed up fate, whereas Rumor did so because he is the god of rumor and therefore felt it was is duty. Another interference from a god was when Neptune changed the dead body of his son Cygnus into the form of a swan. In doing so, Neptune stopped the opportunity for Achilles to defile his body. This brings about a new contrast between the two battles. Upon killing Hector, Achilles and his men continuously stabbed his body, and tied in on the back of Achilles chariot. This is a much different ending for the death of Achilles foe then it was in Ovoids poem. A potential cause of this drastic difference in the stories is that Ovid was known as a poet whose stories were armorial based on love stories and he therefore may not have wanted as gruesome a death.

Centralization and Decentralization free essay sample

CHAPTER 5 DESIGNING ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE: AUTHORITY AND CONTROL TEACHING OBJECTIVES 1. To examine how the hierarchy emerges and how most companies limit hierarchical levels. (5. 1) 2. To address the problems associated with tall hierarchies: communication, motivation, and bureaucratic costs. (5. 1) 3. To consider Parkinson’s Law and the minimum chain of command principle. (5. 1) 4. To demonstrate how an increased span of control can prevent a hierarchy from becoming too tall. (5. 1) 5. To review the factors that affect the shape of the hierarchy: horizontal differentiation, centralization, and standardization. 5. 2) 6. To examine Max Weber’s six principles for a bureaucratic structure. (5. 3) 7. To consider the advantages and disadvantages of a bureaucracy. (5. 3) 8. To consider the importance of the informal organization. (5. 4) 9. To discuss the trends toward empowerment, self-managed teams, cross-functional teams, and contingent workers. (5. 5) CHAPTER SUMMARY To protect shareholders’ goals, managers must constantly analyze organizational structure. This chapter examines the vertical dimension of structure—the hierarchy of authority created to control an organization’s members. How and why does vertical differentiation occur? The hierarchy emerges when an organization faces coordination and motivation problems due to increased horizontal differentiation. A hierarchy is tall if it has many levels relative to organizational size and flat if it has few levels relative to size. Most large companies do not exceed 9 or 10 levels and do not increase the number of managers, because tall hierarchies have problems with communication, motivation, and high bureaucratic costs. Parkinson’s Law demonstrates how hierarchies get too tall. The minimum chain of command principle is explained. Increasing the span of control can substitute for increasing hierarchical levels. Span of control is based on the complexity and interrelatedness of tasks. Simple and less interrelated tasks call for a wider span of control. Factors shape the hierarchy: horizontal differentiation, centralization, standardization, and the informal organization. These design decisions can ensure that a hierarchy remains flat so the organization can control activities. Horizontal differentiation controls employees when an organization cannot increase its hierarchical levels. Horizontal differentiation keeps the hierarchy flat, as each function has its own hierarchy. Decentralizing authority improves communication and coordination due to less direct supervision, affecting the size of the hierarchy. Standardization reduces direct supervision, because employees follow rules, standard operating procedures (SOPs), and norms. The informal organization can increase control. The chapter outlines Max Weber’s six principles of bureaucratic structures and reviews the advantages of bureaucratic structure. Authority should be based on rational legality, clearly defined roles, competence, and rules. A bureaucratic structure controls interactions among organizational members, reduces transaction costs, provides stability, and increases core competences. Managers must prevent the hierarchy from becoming too tall and centralized. If the hierarchy is neglected, organizational costs rise, the decision-making process slows, and the company becomes unresponsive to stakeholders. Restructuring and downsizing are a trend to reduce costs. Coupled with this trend is the use of empowerment and self-managed teams. Another cost-saving measure is the use of contingent workers. CHAPTER OUTLINE . 1Authority: How and Why Vertical Differentiation Occurs Determining the level of vertical differentiation is a basic design challenge. Managers must determine the shape of the hierarchy, the number of levels, and the span of control (the number of subordinates a manager oversees). The shape of the hierarchy, plus the balance between centralization and decentralization, establish the extent of vertical di fferentiation. The Emergence of the Hierarchy As an organization grows, differentiation and the division of labor increase, which lead to coordination and motivation problems. At this point, the hierarchy emerges to coordinate and motivate members by increasing the number of managers and organizational levels. Managers choose between a flat hierarchy with few levels relative to company size and a tall hierarchy with many levels relative to size. (Fig. 5. 1) Size and Height Limitations Research on size and height of the hierarchy shows that a firm of 1,000 has four levels, one with 3,000 has seven levels, and one with up to 100,000 employees stays at nine or 10 levels. (Fig. 5. 2) Organizations actively restrict the number of managers and the number of levels as they grow. So, most organizations have a pyramid structure (Fig. 5. 3a), not a bloated structure (Fig. 5. 3b). Notes_______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _____________ Problems with Tall Hierarchies Q. Why is the number of hierarchical levels and managers limited? A. Tall hierarchies face problems. Communication Problems. As the chain of command extends, communication takes longer, which slows decision making. Information is distorted, accidentally or deliberately, as it goes up and down the hierarchy. Q. How can information be distorted? A. A long chain of command leads to misinterpretation of the message. Self-serving managers give selective information to decision makers. Subordinates tell superiors what they want to hear. Distortion leads to poor decisions, because decision makers have incorrect information. Organizational Insight 5. 1: Pfizer’s New Emerging Hierarchy Through mergers and acquisitions, Pfizer’s hierarchy had become too tall. They cut the number of management layers between top scientists from 14 to seven and drastically reduced the number of committees. Q. How did Pfizer’s structure contribute to its problems? A. When organizations get too tall, they cannot respond as well or as quickly to the marketplace, which is what happened to Pfizer. This was fixed by flattening the structure so that the organization could respond better to the market. Notes_______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _____________ Motivation Problems. The taller the organization, the less managerial authority and responsibility there are. Tall hierarchies decrease motivation because managers, with less authority and responsibility, are less motivated. In a flat structure, managers have more responsibility and are more motivated. Accountability in a tall structure decreases, making it easy for managers to shirk responsibility. Bureaucratic Costs. Tall hierarchies have high bureaucratic costs; a company pays a middle manager an average of $300,000 a year, so a cut of 1,000 extra managers saves $300 million. Layoffs become necessary if management pays no attention to its hierarchy. A company grows and hires managers without considering long-term costs. When the company matures, growth ceases, and cost reduction becomes necessary. To avoid layoffs, a company must continually evaluate its hierarchy. The Parkinson’s Law Problem Parkinson observed that from 1914 to 1928, while the British Navy decreased the number of ships by 68 percent, it increased the number of dockyard officials by 40 percent and top managers by 79 percent. Q. Why did this occur? A. Parkinson’s theory is that managers want to increase the number of subordinates, not rivals, so they make work for each other. In other words, â€Å"Work expands so as to fill the time available. † Notes_______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _____________ The Ideal Number of Hierarchical Levels: The Minimum Chain of Command Managers should base hiring decisions on whether the value added exceeds the cost. The minimum chain of command principle states that a company should choose the minimum number of hierarchical le vels needed for goal achievement. Span of Control To avoid becoming too tall, an organization can increase the span of control, the number of subordinates a manager directly oversees. Different companies have different spans of control. A manager’s span of control is limited to the number of subordinates that can be adequately supervised. An increase in subordinates exponentially increases the subordinate relationships to be managed. A manager with two subordinates manages three relationships, but a manager with three subordinates manages six (Figs. 5. 6a–b). If the span of control becomes too wide, a manager loses control over subordinates. Q. What determines an effective span of control? A. Complexity. For complex, dissimilar tasks, the span of control can be narrow. For routine, similar tasks, the span of control can be wider. A research supervisor has a narrow span of control, but a production supervisor has a wide span of control. Organizational Insight 5. 2: Bob Iger Reshapes Walt Disney Disney was suffering under a structure that was tool tall, and this was hampering innovation. They eliminated a strategic planning office that was seen as causing a bottleneck of new ideas, and this increased the level of innovation. Interrelatedness. Interrelated tasks require a narrow span of control because horizontal relationships must be managed. Horizontal relationships are less important if tasks are not interrelated. Most organizations have a pyramid-shaped hierarchy, as tasks are complex and interrelated at the top. Notes_______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 5. 2Control: Factors Affecting the Shape of the Hierarchy An effective span of control must be limited, thus organizations use other design challenges to control activities: horizontal differentiation, centralization, standardization, and the informal organization. Horizontal Differentiation When vertical differentiation cannot be increased, an organization maintains control by increasing horizontal differentiation and establishing specialized functions or divisions. Each subunit also has a hierarchy. (Fig. 5. 7) Q. Why does manufacturing have many levels? A. Manufacturing must exercise tight control over subordinates and control costs. Sales has fewer levels because it relies on standardization, not direct supervision. RD has fewer levels because complex tasks are difficult to supervise. RD often uses project teams, a narrow span of control, and informal norms and values to control behavior. (Fig. 5. 8) Horizontal differentiation allows an organization to remain flat because hierarchies are developed in subunits. Q. What problems are caused by horizontal differentiation? A. Horizontal differentiation causes coordination and motivation problems that are controlled through centralization, standardization, and the informal organization. Centralization The communication and coordination problems of a tall company make a manager’s job one of monitoring and supervising, causing an organization to lose sight of its goals. One solution is to reduce the number of managers by decentralizing decision making to lower levels. Decentralization keeps the organizational structure flat. Standardization Another way to flatten the hierarchy is through standardization. Tasks are controlled through rules, standard operating procedures (SOPs), and norms, so a wide span of control is used; rules eliminate direct supervision, and managers can delegate responsibility because subordinates know the rules. Notes_______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _____________ Managerial Implications: Authority and Control Managers must assure that the hierarchy matches organizational needs and is not too tall or centralized. If the hierarchy provides too little control, managers must maintain adequate supervision over people and resources. Managerial teams should review the hierarchy’s design. Notes_______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 5. 3The Principles of Bureaucracy Max Weber (1864–1920), a German sociologist, developed an organizational structure to improve operations. He developed the bureaucracy, a structure in which people follow rules and are accountable for their actions. Weber’s six principles of bureaucracy distribute responsibilities and authority to maximize a company’s effectiveness. Principle One: A bureaucracy is founded on the concept of rational-legal authority, a person’s authority is due to position in the organization. Power should be separate from personality. Principle Two: Organizational roles are determined by technical competence, not social status, kinship, or heredity. This principle requires managers to see all potential job candidates objectively. Principle Three: A role’s task responsibility and decision-making authority and its relationship to other roles in the organization should be clearly specified. A clear pattern of vertical and horizontal differentiation is necessary for effectiveness. Role conflict, conflicting demands on a subordinate, and role ambiguity (fear of responsibility because of unclear tasks) should be eliminated. Principle Four: The organization of roles in a bureaucracy is such that each lower office in the hierarchy is under the control and supervision of a higher office. People know the chain of command. Principle Five: Rules, standard operating procedures, and norms should be used to control the behavior and the relationship between roles in an organization. Rules are formal written standards of behavior, whereas norms are unwritten. Organizational Insight 5. 3: Never Underestimate the Power of Rules General Mills opened a chain of Chinese restaurants that had early success. In an attempt to open many restaurants quickly, they lost control of the food quality due to the lack of training and standard preparation procedures. Although they did implement procedures, it was too late to save the restaurant, as word had already spread that they had poor quality and poor service. In addition to illustrating the value of rules and standard operating procedures, this case also serves as an excellent example of the power of the reputation effect. Although they fixed the quality problem, it was too late in this case to save the organization. Principle Six: Administrative acts, decisions, and rules should be formulated and put in writing. When written down, rules become official guidelines that can be used even when people leave. Written documents ensure that people can be held accountable. The Advantages of Bureaucracy A bureaucratic structure exists when an organization implements Weber’s six principles. Q. What are the advantages of a bureaucratic structure? A. Advantages: 1. Rules for designing the hierarchy 2. Increased accountability and reduced transaction costs 3. Reduced costs of monitoring subordinates 4. Increased integration 5. Decreased costs of performance evaluation and of rule enforcement 6. The position separated from the person 7. Guidelines and skills able to be passed on to successors 8. Stability needed for employees to take long-term perspectives Despite these advantages, bureaucracies have negative connotations. Q. What causes this negative thinking? A. Disadvantages: . Slowed decision making and increased costs due to a tall and centralized hierarchy 2. Failure to meet stakeholders’ needs due to too many rules Management by Objectives This system provides a framework to both evaluate and to monitor progress toward the achievement of organizational goals. It consists of three steps: 1. Specific goals and objectives are established at each level of the orga nization. 2. Managers and their subordinates together determine the subordinates’ goals. 3. Managers and their subordinates periodically review the subordinates’ progress toward meeting the goals.

Positive Impacts of Sex Education on Teenage Pregnancies

Introduction Sexual behaviors and attitudes have changed overtime, although not completely. These changes have been attributed to the cultural transformations that have occurred in societies. Some reasons for this include the increased emphasis on sex education especially in schools and in the mass media, the increasing concern on HIV/AIDS and STDs as well as the general formal education acquired by individuals in formal schools and churches, and other organizations.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Positive Impacts of Sex Education on Teenage Pregnancies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These have helped change people’s perception on sexual behaviors. According to Gordon, Lottes and Weinberg (1997), education has played a key role in changing people’s sexual behavior, either positively or negatively. According to Baltzer and colleagues (2008), most teenagers seem to be responsible regarding the issue of sexuality, although some areas of concern still exist. Such areas include teenage pregnancy, AIDS and STDs infection, and their consequences on the health of the teenagers. Newspaper overview ‘’CDC: One-third of sex ed omits birth control.’’ Written by Stobbe Mike on the 15th of September, 2010. According to Stobbe, most teenagers in the US have obtained formal sex education but not all have received formal education on matters of birth control methods. According to the government’s report released on 15th of September, 2010, only two-thirds of those who have received formal education have the knowledge on birth control methods (Stobbe, 2010). Stobbe argues that most of the students do not absorb what they are taught in class about sex education. Therefore, teenage pregnancies have increased, especially between 2005 and 2007, with a slight decrease in 2008. Most students argue that they do not obtain sex education in their earlier ages and they only get it at the age of 18. They also argue that much of the teaching content provided through formal education mainly deals with saying no to sexual advances and STDs but lesser attention is paid towards the use contraceptives and other birth control methods. According to the data provided by the government, only two-thirds of teenagers acquire knowledge on birth control methods by the end of their high school education. The report released by the government also notes that most parents tend to discuss sex and birth control with their teenage daughters more than their teenage sons. According to Stobbe (2010), other research studies carried out on sex education in US seem to suggest that sex education declined between 1995 and 2002 and has not improved since then. This was mainly attributed to the government’s policies on sex education that only stressed on abstinence.Advertising Looking for term paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first pa per with 15% OFF Learn More The program only taught students about STDs but did not focus on how to apply birth control methods. However, over the last two years, much of the federal funding has focused on sponsoring teaching programs that discuss the use of birth control methods. A CDC report that was released at the beginning of this year show that teenagers attitude towards pregnancy and birth control methods have not changed. Education and Teenage Pregnancy Positive Impacts of Sex Education on teenage pregnancies Teenage pregnancy may be defined as pregnancy in a girl or a young woman who has not yet celebrated her twentieth birthday regardless of whether the woman is married or not (Boyce et al, 2002). Education has played a major role in guiding teenagers to change their behavior and attitude towards sexuality. They are able to understand themselves better and carry themselves in an appropriate manner. Most teenagers today play safe sex (Baltzer, et al.). According to Luong and Sen (n. d) and Sex Life Canada (2010), teenage pregnancies have reduced in Canada and British Colombia. This has been as a result of provision of a comprehensive sex education and health information to teenagers. Sex Life Canada, (2010), states that teenage pregnancy in Canada and British Colombia reduced by 37% and 35% respectively from 1996 to 2005. Sex education has enabled teenagers in Canada to apply birth control methods of using contraceptives. Some public hospitals in Ontario, Canada, have reported low birth rates of about 9.5% for young women between the age of 15 and 19 (Chen, Fleming, Demissie, Rhoads, Wen and Walker, 2007). The data above show that education can effectively help teenagers change their behavior and attitude towards sexuality and be able to avoid unplanned teenage pregnancies. According to Baltzer et al (2008) and Mackinnon (2002), majority of teenagers in Canada have acquired knowledge on sexuality and about 29% of boys are ready to abstain and wait till their get the right partners for marriage. Failures of Sex Education in reducing teenage pregnancies According to the article by Stobbe, education has not achieved much in terms of helping students change their attitudes and behavior on sex and use of birth controls. Although education has been perceived to help young women and girls avoid teenage pregnancies, it has not been able to fully achieve this goal. According to Hana (2010), America has seen tremendous increases in teenage pregnancy for girls aged between 15 and 19, over the recent years. According to her, about 0.75 million teenage girls get pregnant every year and out of these pregnancies about 82% is unplanned. These teenage pregnancies have severe impacts on girls especially when they are not planned. These may include problems with their emotional, social, psychological and physical health.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Positive Impacts of Sex Education on Teenage Pregnancies sp ecifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The reasons for the failure of the formal sex education are varied. According to Stobbe (2010), formal education failed to have an impact on teenagers due to the lack of its comprehensive approach. The policies on sex education laid by the government only focused on providing formal sex education on abstinence and awareness of STDs leaving out a very important part of birth control. This means that most students step out of high school with little or no information on application of birth control. Besides, According to Bruce (2001), the average age in which most young girls in America experience their first menstrual period is 12. However, much education on sexuality is mostly concentrated on the upper secondary schools, thus neglecting most of the girls who are also vulnerable to teenage pregnancies. According to the United Press International, (2006), most teenagers do not use condoms while having sex. According to the article, only 28% of teenage girls use protection while having sex. Evidence has shown that young girls even with ages below twelve years have conceived and given birth under normal circumstances. Researches have also shown that most parents do not find it appropriate to discuss matters of sexuality with their children. Only a smaller percentage has been able to this effectively. Most parents shy away from discussing matters of birth control with their children, especially the boys, assuming that boys are not psychological affected by young fatherhood (Dryburgh, 2002). Effective sex education can not be achieved without reinforcement from the parents and those close to the teenagers. Most mothers prefer to take their children to doctors to discuss matters on sexuality rather than discuss it with them since most mothers lack the full information on sexuality to provide for their children (Baltzer et al 2008). They also feel that the terminologies on sexuality are to o strong to be discussed with their teenage children. However, according to the research carried out by the Paediatr Child Health to determine the extent of sex education among the youth in Canada, only 7% of the teenagers had acquired sex education services from doctors (Baltzer,et al, 2008). Formal sex education does not cover all aspects that contribute to teenage sex and how to go about them. It has limited information on playing safe sex since much of the content provided only discusses about STDs and abstinence. They are also not taught how to deal with the influence from their peers who normally convince them into having teenage sex. Most teenage girls are pressured by their boyfriends into having sex. According to Treffers (2003), about 29% of teenagers are pressured by their peers into having sexual intercourse.Advertising Looking for term paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The education provided on sexuality also does not cover matters of post pregnancy psychological consequences on the young mothers and fathers. The content does not discuss on how to deal with post pregnancy trauma. Thus the impacts of pregnancies are really felt by those who become pregnant. Some knowledge about the risks and post pregnancy psychological consequences would better help the teenagers to adapt safe sex while having intercourse. Conclusion Education is very important in changing the adolescent’s attitude and behavior towards sexuality and teenage pregnancy in particular. It is therefore essential to identify factors that bar the youth from getting full information and knowledge about sexuality. Therefore, providing a comprehensive formal sex education should be considered in order to reduce these cases of teenage pregnancies. Teachers, parents and health care professionals should provide a comprehensive and accurate sex education to teenagers. It is also importan t to ensure sexual health information is accessible to all teenagers. Reference List Baltzer, F, Elliot, A, Frappier, JY, Kaufman, M, Lane, M, McDuff, P and Pinzon, J. (2008). Sex and sexual health: A survey of Canadian youth and mothers. Pulsus Group Inc, Rockville Pike. Boyce W, Doherty M, Fortin C and Mackinnon D. (2002). Canadian youth, sexual  health and HIV/AIDS study. Web. Bruce, A. (2001). Adolescent Pregnancy. In Alex Gitterman: Handbook of Social  Work Practice with Vulnerable and Resilient Populations (2nd ed). Columbia University Press, New York. Chen, X.K, Fleming N, Demissie K, Rhoads G.G, Wen S.W., Walker M. (2007).  Teenage pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes: a large population based  retrospective cohort study. Int J Epidemiol. Dryburgh, H. (2000).Teenage pregnancy. Health Reports. Web. Gordon, L.E, Lottes I.L., Weinberg, G. (1997). Social class background, sexual  attitudes, and sexual behavior in a heterosexual undergraduate sample. HighBeam Business . Hana, M. (2010). Psychological Effects of Teenage Pregnancy. Web. Luong, M., Sen, A. (n. d). Sex, Teen Pregnancies, STDs, and Beer Prices:  Empirical Evidence from Canada. Stobbe, M. (2010). CDC: One-third of sex ed omits birth control. The Associated Press. Treffers, P. E. (2003). Teenage pregnancy, a worldwide problem. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. United Press International (2006, August 3). Report says teens don’t often use  condoms. United Press International. This term paper on Positive Impacts of Sex Education on Teenage Pregnancies was written and submitted by user Amel1a to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Bhopal India disaster Essays

Bhopal India disaster Essays Bhopal India disaster Essay Bhopal India disaster Essay Bhopal India disaster Name: Course: Date: Bhopal India disaster The Bhopal gas leak disaster that happened in India in 1984 was recorded as one of the most disastrous accidents in the world. The location of the accident was the union Carbide pesticide plant in Madhya Pradesh. The gas leak managed to affect over 100,000 people with poisonous methyl-isocyanine particles. The scope of the gas leak was estimated to be about six kilometers from the source of the gas accident. The initial death toll stood at 2,000 people most of who worked at the plant as employees. Much later, the toll rose to 8,000 after an hour. After three days of investigation, the victims of the gas leak were estimated to be over a hundred thousand (Palit, 2010). The exact health implications of the Bhopal gas leak were not fully released until 1994 when parts of the documents were released to the public. Over 500,000 people were labeled as being gas affected with most of the victims suffering from nervous system failure, different types of cancers, kidney and liver failures (Tho mas, 2010). The pesticide plant UCIL was a branch of the Union Carbide Corporation and immediately distanced itself from the gas disaster. Eventually, the Indian government forced them to pay over $400 million in compensation for the deaths and physical injuries. The occurrence of the disaster pointed toward an increased enforcing of international standards in dealing with environmentally hazardous chemicals to avoid similar accidents in the future. The topic of controversy even after the disaster was the fact that the plants’ scientists refused to divulge any information on the nature of the gas. Warren Anderson, the managing director, was accused of homicide, but he was never tried at both the US and Indian trials. Possible causes of the gas leak accident There was a lot of confusion after the plant was closed to outsiders after allegations arose that the plant had not complied with most regulations touching on worker safety, working conditions, emergency procedures and equipment maintenance. The most significant investigation into the cause of the gas leak was done by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research and revealed the following results. Water seeped into MIC storage tanks and triggered an exothermal effect that exuded large amounts of toxic gas that broke open the safety valves. There were safety scrubbers that would normally cut off any excess gas, but these were dismantled for repair when the tragedy occurred (Sheehan, 2011). The main cause of the accident was established as negligence of safety procedures. First, no valves were installed to prevent water from seeping into the MIC storage tanks. The company also did a poor job of maintaining the flaring and cooling systems of the machinery and even on the fateful day, they were not in proper working condition. At the factory, coolant units had been drained off for usage in another part of the plant and the gas flare had been off for over three months. The reason given for the low safety standard at Union Carbide branch were financial in nature and involved massive budget cuts to the safety fund. The company had also made massive errors by procuring and installing equipment that had not been approved as safe for handling toxic components (Fact Finding Mission on Bhopal, 2009). Effects of the Bhopal gas leak accident Environmental effects The Dow Chemical Company that took over the control of Union Carbide Company in 2001 reported that there were still large volumes of poisonous waste at the site of the accident. As of 2011, the site was still highly contaminated with residues of mercury and hexachlorobenzene (Sheehan, 2011). Efforts were made to seal some of the toxic wastes into open barrels, but the severe rainfall and flooding washed off the chemicals into domestic water sources such as rivers and still ponds. Research done by environmentalists revealed that the locals consumed water that contained up to 500 times more toxic material than was humanly possible to consume. This has led to mutation and extinction of various species of flora and fauna in the area (Sarangi, 2012). Efforts to mitigate the accident and avoid future similar incidents The Indian Government was highly cooperative with lawmakers to ensure that repeats of such biochemical accidents were outdated. The state passed the Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster Act as a method of ascertaining that allegations and lawsuits arising from the gas leak accident would be dealt with promptly and fairly. Within the Act, there were clauses that made such cases only adjudicated by the state. Through this act, all cases were removed from US jurisdiction and awarded to Indian courts. The agreement by UCIL to pay the $470 million was one of the results of such adjudication (Sarangi, 2012). Various stakeholders in the chemical industry globally used the Bhopal disaster as the perfect opportunity to plan to reinforce the safety regulations to deter any future lapses that would result in disasters. The Bhopal disaster proved that problems involving industrial hazards are tied to global market changes. Practical and consistent international operating guidelines for hazardous industries were proposed and ratified in international platforms such as the UN General Assembly and the European Union. These policies and norms have worked exceptionally well in measuring performance of hazardous chemical producers in India (Fact Finding Mission on Bhopal, 2009). The Bhopal incident served to change the trend and structure of industrial chemical production in India and the rest of the world. Though many lives were lost and the environment destroyed, the accident served to reinforce the authority of the Ministry of Environment and other stakeholders as well as renewing the world’s commitment at controlling the industrial activity that posed a potential threat to their well-being and that of the environment. References Fact Finding Mission on Bhopal. (2009). The Bhopal gas disaster, impacts, responses, current status, and recommendations for the future: executive summaries of studies. New Delhi: Fact Finding Mission on Bhopal Palit, A., National University of Singapore. (2010). The Bhopal tragedy verdict: Can India handle industrial disasters? Singapore: Institute of South Asian Studies. Sarangi, S. (2012). Compensation to Bhopal gas victims: will justice ever be done? Indian Journal of Medical Ethics, 9, 2 Sheehan, H. E. (2011). The Bhopal gas disaster: focus on community health and environmental effects. Indian Journal of Medical Ethics, 8, 2 Thomas, G. (2010). The Bhopal gas disaster and the poor state of occupational health and safety India. Indian Journal of Medical Ethics, 7, 4

The Technology Of Knockout Mouse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Technology Of Knockout Mouse - Essay Example The conditional knockout mouse model is capable of bypassing the limits which are found with constitutive knockout models (Friedel, Wursy, Wefers & Kuhn 2011) Compared to the constitutive knockout model, the conditional knockout model strategy usually enables gene activation study at different development stages or ages. Inducible knock-outs also enable one to accurately model diseases that are age related.   Compared to the conditional knockout mouse model, the constitutive knockout model is a cost effective and fast solution to use in the preliminary study for the function of the target gene.  The constitutive knockout model may be embryonic lethal to the target gene and is highly likely to result in the misregulation or deregulation of the other genes expression. A lethal knockout makes the genetically altered embryos fail to grow into adulthood.   The lack of adult mice usually limits embryonic development studies and makes it quite difficult to determine the gene function in relation to disease and health of human beings (Wurst & Kuhn 2009).   A conditional knockout like inducible deletion, safe knockout technology, and tissue specific knockout may serve by bypassing all the difficulties that are experienced in a constitutive knockout. Unlike in the constitutive knockout model, the design process in the creation of inducible knockout model usually requires a thorough analysis to avoid any endogenous deregulation of genes or the expression of the truncated protein.

Design a Flowchart for a Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Design a Flowchart for a Process - Essay Example If such a thing happens, the wins come from the bucket. The machine is designed in such a way that is able to keep the payout bucket filled automatically in the course of a play. After the payout bucket becomes full, silver dollars are then deposited in the second bucket that handles the winnings. The winnings bucket is usually periodically emptied in order for the winnings to be claimed from the casino. The flow chart that I have drawn shows the internal movements of the coin and the activities that take place externally that are controlled by the player. The machine is usually programmed in a manner that in case the payout bucket empties, the lights on the top side of the machine flash and the machine stops and that notifies the personnel in the casino that there is a person who has worn by emptying the machine. Most casinos usually size their payout buckets so as to ensure that the occurrence of winning is rare. If we perceive the payout bucket to be a buffer for silver dollars th at usually helps in the automatic running of the machine (Kari, 1999). A payout bucket that is small will mean that a casino will require more personnel that are required to attend to the machine and that will also create more time that the machine will be idle as a result of lack of silver dollars. ... Buffers that are large usually help the process to be more independent which is contrary to buffers that are small that would require more attention (Hemp, 2002). Factors affecting process design The design of the slot machine is usually affected by a number of factors. The factors include the following; 1. Size of buckets- the buckets that are used in the slot machine usually affects the running of the process. The buckets should be sized in a manner that there will be no much flow of personnel and that will cut on the costs. The cost that will be cut will include the cost of hiring new personnel and the cost of transporting money to the bank. The other factors include the risk factor that is associated with the transportation of money from the casino to the bank. 2. The flow of people into the casino- the functioning of the slot machine will be largely affected by the number of people that flow into the casino. The flow of people will affect the level of operations that will happen in the casino. That means that the income or revenue that accrues from the slot machine is directly affected by the flow of people (Menor, 2000). 3. the management of the slot machine or casino is also a critical factor that affects the way people will view the casino r the business that is been run in the casino. Metric measure The metric used to measure the effectiveness of the process is observing the number of recipients and matching it with the amount that is collected from the income of the casino. That is used to measure the effectiveness of the process and that will ensure that incase there is a complication it will be noted. Flow Chart for the process Yes Loose No Win No Yes Key Task or operations Storage areas or queues

Statistics for clinical therapist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Statistics for clinical therapist - Essay Example Such studies do emphasize the implicit need for getting a public opinion on the Health care services. Scholars like Gilhooly, Murray and Berkely (1991) have suggested how negative perceptions were present within the public suggesting that individuals themselves may be less likely to accept such care if offered. Their findings were uncovered during exploratory interviews and suggest that lack of public awareness, and awareness within the medical profession, may reduce the likelihood of patients accessing these services. The survey research was inspired by several research works in Glasgow and adjoining areas. The report of the findings of the first national survey in Scotland on public knowledge and understanding of palliative care in 2003 revealed certain interesting results such as the relation between income and choice of health services, importance of advice and support for patients etc. The surveyed participants are local natives of Glasgow. To get an accurate opinion on the issues that are related to the NHS the surveyed population will consist of respondents spreading over the age range of 20-50 years. The respondents would consist of an equal number or men and women so that the results are not gender biased. A gender biased research data is of little use in the formulation of policies or new interventions in health research. The research study also looked into several other parameters that impinge on the study. These include the economic status and occupation of the respondent. The status and occupation is likely to enable the formation of different opinion amongst the citizens in Glasgow. The survey was conducted with a questionnaire that contained only close ended questions. The respondents were selected on the basis of convenience sampling. The questionnaire is provided in the appendix. The results obtained from the survey are detailed here sequentially: c.1. The respondents were equal number of men and women. Out of a sample size of 400 respondents, there were 199 men and 201 women. c.2. the Age varied between 20-25 years as follows: 10 percent respondents . 20-22 yrs old 10 percent respondents . 23-25 yrs old 10 percent respondents . 26-28 yrs old 10 percent respondents . 29-31 yrs old 10 percent respondents . 32-34 yrs old 10 percent respondents . 35-37 yrs old 10 percent respondents . 38-40 yrs old 10 percent respondents . 41-43 yrs old 10 percent respondents . 44-46 yrs old 10 percent respondents . 47-50 yrs old c.3. About 50 percent of the respondents were students while the remaining 50 percent were the members

Health and Safety in Health and Social Care

Health and Safety in Health and Social Care Introduction The employees as well as the other sections of an organization have to face various types of safety and health issues. The more risk of safety and health issues will decrease the confidence and the efficiency of the workers and it will decline the reputation of a certain organization. It is practicable to apply suitable safety and health policy for the organization. It should be done after considering all the relevant facts. Those factors can be understood by performing a through observation and study. The safe and secure environment should be maintained fro the employees and it is the duty of the management to take necessary steps to implement it LO-01: Implementation of health and safety legislation the social and health care center 1.1: The establishment of health and safety needs in a work place: The health and safety policy of a work place plays a major role in the organization. Poor health and safety policy of an organization will be a negative effect on the individuals, organizations and finally the society. A great attention should be paid to this subject in a social care work place where the risks of safety and health issues are very common. The effects of the issues related to health and safety can be smaller or critical. They can affect in many ways and the effects can be sufferings, injury or the death, psychological issues, financial issues, reduced productivity and low confidence. This situation leads to the destruction of the social image of the organization. Sometimes the safety related issue can be harming the development and the maintenance the business of that organization. This can be very serious when it is related to a social welfare institute. In certain cases the management has to suffer from severe financial losses. The employees must have the ability to work in a very protective and friendly environment. The relaxation can make great changes in the functioning of the organization. The organization wants to keep the employees in a good condition with performing their duties in a very relaxed manner. The well being of the employee is very essential for the employer to get the maximum benefit (Garcarz, W., 2005). The health and safety measures should be according to the expectations of the organization and they should not harm the progress of the organization. The application of suitable policy and marinating it can be a very important part of the organization and it will improve the commercial aspect of the organization 1.2 Impact of the health and safety needs on the employees and the practitioners: The management should be aware of the situation of the employees. The employees who do not perform in accordance to set guideline will face lot of problems. The employees should be trained in various types of activities related to the organization, the communication or getting correct idea about certain issues. All the problems of the formation can be reported and the other can get a clear idea about the issues and it helps the employer to get the maximum service of the employees as well as to minimize the health and safety related issues in the types of the situations and implementations. The following can be used to keep the communication regarding the health and safety issues in the organization (Fisher, A.,2005). These can be employed to inform the employees as well as it will be very useful in getting feedback of the employees as well as the customers and the practitioners of the institute. Health and Safety website of the organization Employees and modes of communication. Online employee health and safety introduction projects Employees information publications Safety manuals and Safe Work Procedures Instruction manuals and other literature. These sources can be employed according to the requirement as well as the affordability of the organization. The future improvements of the policy and other remedies can be possible if those problems are properly recorded. The management or the other responsible parties can make necessary alterations to the policy. The issues of the organization should be carefully assessed by the, these reports can be possible with the following methods. Workplace accident inspection reports Accident and incident report Health and injury and other issues management report Report of the injured workers compensation Audits of the health and safety aspect 1.3 Monitoring and review of health and safety strategies: The management is the decision making body of the organization so they are responsible fro each and every decision of the organization. The management or the employer has to perform a great task in maintaining a satisfactory standard in the health and safety condition of the entire organization (Fisher, A., 2005). The health and safety should be applied to each and every individual who is associated with the organization. He has to manage each and every aspect of the organization so that he can pay more attention to the health and well fare of the people of the organization. The management has to plan a risk free environment for the employees from various components of the place of work. Providing information, instruction, training and supervision regarding safety and health of employees The management or the employer makes the employee aware of the safety and health of the place of work. The management can offer the employees with welfare and other facilities. Preventing risks to other people at the place of work including, for example, visitors, customers, suppliers and sales representatives The employer should prevent others from falling into trouble The employer or the manger must have some remedial plans or solutions for the emergency. LO-02 Impact of health and safety requirements on customers and the work of practitioners 2.1 The effect of the risk assessment on the planning of organizational and individual decisions It is a fact that the workers who are employed in the health care sector of any country have to perform a variety of duties. Sometimes they have to perform risky and hard duties. There is the risk of contamination as well as exposing themselves to the danger. So it is a must to understand the situations that they have to face. As many of the workers are performing multitasks in the hospital, they are more vulnerable to hardships (Moonie. N.,2000). There will be danger in various activities that they perform, such as handling the patients, cleaning the place transporting and handling the medical instruments. The risks that the employee has to face can be divided into 5 types Biological risks- This is one of the most common situation. The getting exposed to several diseases and getting negative effects or getting the diseases This is one of the prominent issues a management has to answer in the process of making new changes to the system. Chemical risks. Chemicals which are used to treat cancers and other critical issues can be understood as one of the health and safety issue Physical risks– Ionization and radiation are good examples. The employees who are used to assign to handle those machines and chemicals are to be paid. such as Ergonomic risks,- the danger of getting injuries and harmed. This can be resulted in mostly handling patients. For example, patient handling Psychosocial risks– this is another r types of health and safety issue in handling violence and shift work 2.2 Analyzing the priorities of health and safety strategies: The reporting of the health and safety issues in the organization is a very important part. The relevant incident should be reported to the management in the perfect manner and the feedback can be successfully applied by the management and other policy makers to make more practicable policy in health and safety needs ain an organization. The management can get several advantages of these reports to the welfare of the organization; he can use the collected knowledge and experience in order to do several activities fro the well fare of the company Employees as well as the community (HSSCU, 2010). As the employer wanted to make the health and safety legislations more effective it should be implemented with proper planning after the identification of various connected facts. The proposed plans and ideas should be able to match the structure of the organization. It can be done in the following manner Care planning There are several types and modes of implementing policies for the organization. Most of the organizations try to create the policy while offering the maximum benefit to the employees. The wellbeing and the satisfaction of the employees are taken into the consideration. Dilemmas and challenges It is not an easy task to introduce an effective safety policy into an organization. There will be lots of dilemmas and also challenges to the management. So the policy should be considered very carefully after taking all the parties into the consideration, Own practice- The implementation of the policies can be vary from organization to organization. So the process of implementation legislation should be done according to the culture and environment of the area. Monitoring and revising. The procedures and updates should be monitored and the observations can be applied to the development of the policy. An organization can get good examples from the previous threats and drawbacks Creating a healthy and safety working environment- a safe and healthy environment can be made for various levels or categories of the employees. The management can use training programs and workshops in order to get more feedback. 2.3 Application of the safety and health policy into the place of work The management should pay a great attention to ensure the employees’ awareness of the health and safety issues. The employees should be aware of the possible dangers that they have to face as well as the customers and practitioners have to face. The process should be started with a basic level of cleanliness. They should be properly educated with proper handling of chemicals and the same keeping the environment in the perfect manner (Garcarz, W.,2005). They should be trained to dispose the garbage in the perfect manner. In that way the management will get the ability to reduce most of the health hazards in the place of work. LO-03 Monitoring and reviewing of health and safety policy: 3.1 Situation of the safety and health strategies in the place of work: There should be facilities to monitor the protective and preventive measures. This step will be useful to assess the practicability of the policy which is introduced to the organization. This should be done continuously as it can offer the best idea after certain period. The assessment should be checked over and over in order to find the most suitable version or the policy. The implementation of health and safety policy in a place of work can be very useful to all the relevant parties. The employees can get the benefit of having the freedom to work as they wish and they can perform according to the requirements of the organization without getting into trouble or putting others into trouble. The second party is the management (CIS, 2010). They can maintain the functions of the organization in a very smooth and they will be to gain more profits. 3.2 Effectiveness of the safety and health strategies: The customers and the practitioners are too getting many advantages the place of work will be a very interesting place for the employees as well as the employers. The management puts his attention on the employees, practitioners as well as the visitors to the organization. When concerning the safety and the well being of the employee, the employer should pay his attention on following. The employer must keep his duty of making a satisfactory working area for the employee. There are several duties of the employer. As there are more positive changes many customers will visit the place and the future of the organization will be very successful. 3.3 The individual contribution to the implementation: The practitioners will be able to offer their respective service in the best manner; it will be a great advantage for the business. The management should try to apply various types of strategies in order to select the most suitable one. It may take time but the final result will be very important to the organization. The each and every member of the organization should pay his or her contribution in the process of understanding and the implementation of the health and safety policy. They should take part in those training and awareness programs and should be getting themselves well educated. It is a very easy and successful task if the employees and other relevant parties are ready to move forward. 4.0 Conclusion: The health and safety plays a prominent role in an organization. It is the duty of the management to implement a suitable policy and it should offer the positive changes to the organization. In a social care organization, more attention must be paid for the health and safety factor as the employees are more vulnerable to various types of diseases as well as accidents. The policy should be changed according to the requirements of the individuals as well as the requirement of the time. This can be done by careful evaluation of the process ( Moonie. N., 2000).. The measurements of the safety and health can be utilized by the management in order to find the negative as well as positive features of the existing policy. It can be updated or changed after careful assessment. 5.0 References: AHS. (2010).Strategic Plan for Workplace Health and Safety.Available: www.albertahealthservices.cahttp. Last accessed 10/5/2014 CIS. (2010).Assessment. Com. Health and Safety in an Adult Social Care Set.Available: Fisher, A. (2005).Health and Social Care. London: Oxpord-Henemann. Garcarz, W (2005).Statutory and Mandatory Training in Health and Social Care: A Toolkit for Good Practice. -: Radcliff publishing-oxon. -. https://:www.cis-assessment.co.uk. Last accessed 10/5/2014. HSSCU,. (2007).Health Services – Information about workplace health and .Available: http//www.hse.gov.uk. Last accessed 9/05/2014. HSSCU,. (2007).Health Services – Information about workplace health and .Available: http//www.hse.gov.uk. Last accessed 10/05/2014. Moonie. N (2000).Advanced Health and Social Care. London : Oxford: Heinemann. Contribute to the developmence of healthynt and maintena. Available: http//www.ocr.org.uk. Last accessed 9/5/2014. http//www.osha.europa.eu. Last accessed 11/5/2014.

Copyrights: Intellectual Property and Technology Essay -- essays resea

Copyrights: Intellectual Property and Technology The Government and many other agencies around the world are continuously at work to improve protections for intellectual property rights and the enforcement of intellectual property laws. In today’s age of digital madness, passing legislation and actually enforcing of those laws becomes a very daunting task. However, the protection of intellectual property has both individual and social benefits. It protects the right of the creator of something of value to be compensated for what he or she has created, and by so doing; it encourages production of valuable, intangible, creative work In order to understand the difficulties surrounding the laws associated with intellectual property an understanding of the term is needed. The Louisiana State Bar Association defines intellectual property as the product of someone's mental efforts. It is usually intangible, and its value lies in its appeal to others who might wish to use it or the goods it describes. Intellectual property can be covered and categorized into three separate protective laws; those include copyrights, patents and trademarks. The true key to understanding intellectual property protection is to understand that the thing protected is the intangible creative work, not the particular physical form in which it is embodied (Baase, 2003, p. 235). This paper will discuss the ideas and laws behind copyrights as intellectual property along with the daunting task of protecting that property in a digital age where piracy seems to be commonplace. The fair-use laws and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) of 1998 will also be covered, along with the challenges faced by those who choose to use the fair-use laws for educational purposes, and the impact that the DMCA has had on this law. Finally this paper will discuss what can be learned from having a basic understanding of copyright laws and the impact on world economics that the breaking of these laws could possibly cause. Examining intellectual property can spark the old argument that standing is more tiring than walking paradox, how do you differentiate between an idea and a creative expression. Copyrights protect a creative expression, which is the expression, selection, and arrangement of ideas. The boundary between an idea and the expression of an idea is often not clear (Baase, 2003, p. 236). Most people... ...industry will quickly realize that consumers eventually get tired of being slapped on the wrist for obeying the law, and this is basically what the DMCA has done to people that actually follow the fair use laws. The actual impact of boycotting the industry would be an economic disaster. This will most likely never happen, but Congress is posed with a great task in front them. The first step towards ensuring copyrights and fair use laws would be to ban the use of technology that is produced for the sole purpose of circumventing copyrights. Congress should then either redefine the Digital Millennium Copyright Act or do away with it completely. Infringement on copyright laws will never completely disappear but managing the problem without stepping on the toes of the owners or the consumer can definitely be accomplished with the right application and redefinition of copyright laws and the fair use doctrine. A new digital age calls for new types of protection without overstepping the boundaries of what is fair and what is not. References Baase, S. (2003). A Gift of Fire: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues for Computers and the Internet. 2nd Ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

An Astrologer’s Day Essay

â€Å"An Astrologer's Day† has a deceptively simple plot, although the full significance of the story becomes evident only after a second or even third reading. Part of the difficulty arises from the fact that the author deliberately avoids markers that would benefit the reader: there is no clear indication where the story occurs or when it does, although it is possible to make an educated guess about both. The story begins almost in medias res (in the middle) and concludes on what appears to be an ambiguous note. But, in fact, the story is a tightly knit one in which all parts fit together. Description The story begins with a description of the astrologer, who is the central character in the story. In minute detail, his appearance, his clothes, and all the materials he uses to ply his trade are described. The astrologer, who is not given a name, comes across as a type, one of the many street vendors in India, who sit under the shade of a tree or a temporary shed and sell anything from vegetables to newspapers. This astrologer belongs to the same category although, given the nature of his trade, there is a need to dress and behave in a particular manner. He does that effectively by giving the impression of a holy man whose special powers enable him to function as an astrologer. Almost casually, the surroundings of the astrologer begin to take shape. While there are no clear references to a particular city, it is likely, since Narayan consistently uses the fictional city of Malgudi, that this story too takes place in Malgudi. In any event, one gets the impression of a somewhat backward city which still retains a measure of its rural character. The reference to â€Å"municipal lighting† is one of the strategies employed by the author to suggest a sense of the place. In†¦  » Complete An Astrologer's Day Summary

Scoopes monkey trial essays

Scoopes monkey trial essays The twenties had many vogue and unsteady changes. Such as The Scopes Monkey Trial had a big social, judicial and religious effects on Americans living during the twenties. During the Twenties, the Scopes Trial had a radical social effect on Americans. The trial had been moved to the courthouse lawn to accommodate the crowds. Over two hundred national reporters and more than three thousand spectators came to the town of Dayton, Tennessee to see the trial of the state of Tennessee versus Scopes.This huge audience shows that some people realized the importance of the final sentence.The trial marked the displacement of religious faith and rural values by scientific skepicism and cosmopolism as a dominant strain in American thoughts. The trial soon became between traditionalists and evolutionists, which showed the dispute in the public opinion. The Scopes Trial influences the new existing fight between religion and tradition. Also between evolution and progress. The trial Tennessee versus John Scopes caused enormous changes in the 1920s. In attendance announcers were ready to send to the listeners the first live-radio broadcast from a trial. The presence of the reporters shows the public was interested, an interest, which demanded a new kind of news. The trial itself was a bunch of conflicts, the most obvious one was evolution against religion. The courtroom was full of members of both groups. The persecutor was a strongly religious man while the defense attorney a atheist. The United States Supreme Court put the issue to rest in 1968, when it had a similar statue in Arkansas unconstitutionaly, because it violated the separation of church and state,thats part of the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. This fact is evidence that the trial was unnecessary because the Butler Act, which forbid all teachings that denied the creation of mankind thats stated in the Bible, was illegal. The expectations of the fi...

Free Essays on Satire

A Day In The Life A Satire of Teenage Life in America? One morning, Dana woke up and felt fat. Fat and ugly. Now, it's a given that at six in the morning, no one feels too hot about themselves, but this was a feeling that often stuck with Dana throughout the day. She knew she wasn't fat, per se, but she thought she could stand to lose a few pounds, or perhaps place those pounds elsewhere on her body. She sighed, and then heaved herself out of bed. As she walked to the bathroom, she caught a drowsy glimpse of her messy floor. There were magazines all over the place, with pictures of models whose daily regimen was three reps of sticking their finger down their throat. Dana took special care to step on the face of a particularly bright-smiled, empty-stomached young woman who was poised on the hood of a sports car, wearing a precariously short dress that could have been airbrushed on. Her face crumpled upon impact, much like the flashy red car would if it were driven into a brick wall. The bathroom door was locked. Normally, this w! ould be a good thing, but this time she was on the wrong side of the door. She knocked, and she heard her brother's voice come muffled through the door. "What?" he said. ‘What are you doing in there?" Dana asked. "What do you THINK I'm doing in here?" her brother replied. "Well, either you had way too much to drink last night, or you're taking a shower," Dana retorted. There was no response from his brother. She hoped he had slipped on the tub floor and been knocked out upon his encounter with the tile. "Hello?" she called, "I need to use the bathroom! I need to get ready for school!" "It's my turn! You were supposed to get up an hour ago!" Apparently her brother was conscious, after all. "An hour ago?! What the hell are you talking about? It's six! Did the earth rotate a bit faster this morning or something?" Dana had no idea what her brother was talking about. "Apparently, Dana, you forgot abo... Free Essays on Satire Free Essays on Satire A Day In The Life A Satire of Teenage Life in America? One morning, Dana woke up and felt fat. Fat and ugly. Now, it's a given that at six in the morning, no one feels too hot about themselves, but this was a feeling that often stuck with Dana throughout the day. She knew she wasn't fat, per se, but she thought she could stand to lose a few pounds, or perhaps place those pounds elsewhere on her body. She sighed, and then heaved herself out of bed. As she walked to the bathroom, she caught a drowsy glimpse of her messy floor. There were magazines all over the place, with pictures of models whose daily regimen was three reps of sticking their finger down their throat. Dana took special care to step on the face of a particularly bright-smiled, empty-stomached young woman who was poised on the hood of a sports car, wearing a precariously short dress that could have been airbrushed on. Her face crumpled upon impact, much like the flashy red car would if it were driven into a brick wall. The bathroom door was locked. Normally, this w! ould be a good thing, but this time she was on the wrong side of the door. She knocked, and she heard her brother's voice come muffled through the door. "What?" he said. ‘What are you doing in there?" Dana asked. "What do you THINK I'm doing in here?" her brother replied. "Well, either you had way too much to drink last night, or you're taking a shower," Dana retorted. There was no response from his brother. She hoped he had slipped on the tub floor and been knocked out upon his encounter with the tile. "Hello?" she called, "I need to use the bathroom! I need to get ready for school!" "It's my turn! You were supposed to get up an hour ago!" Apparently her brother was conscious, after all. "An hour ago?! What the hell are you talking about? It's six! Did the earth rotate a bit faster this morning or something?" Dana had no idea what her brother was talking about. "Apparently, Dana, you forgot abo... Free Essays on Satire Satire Essay Satire is everywhere. There is an incredibly big amount of satire that goes on that people don’t think about. In the movie â€Å"16 Candles,† there is plenty of perfect examples of satire. Three easy, but very common, examples of satire given in the movie are having your true first crush. Secondly passing notes during class about dull things that are going on. Finally looking up the higher grades, the â€Å"Greats.† Foremost, having your first crush in high school is a very big event in a students life. It makes one do some very brainless actions. Most of the time, the person that you have a crush on will not go out with you, or even talk to you. Therefore, it makes doors to act as dim-witted as possible. Some examples of dim-witted actions include calling the person and hanging up when they say â€Å"Hello,† also writing anonymous love letters and putting them in their locker. That is just few of the most common actions when having a crush. Of course people take those actions to farther extents (They are called stalkers!). Next, the note passing during class. This is a major event that gets satirized very often. Some people, 99% girls, decide to take it upon themselves to write notes to each other about gossip, also about crushes and such things that can not be talked about. A good portion of the time the note gets caught by the teacher and there is a massive quantity of embarrassment. Therefore, passing notes during class is very childish but students in high school still do it. Last but not least, being a freshman is tough. The body is starting to grow into the new person who will some day take over. But the process is tough because there are upper-classmen. Upper-classmen make everything hard for freshmen because of their good looks and their great shaped body because of lifting weights, or the size of the bra, or size of hips. As a result, lower-classmen look up to the higher grades thinkin... Free Essays on Satire Webster’s Dictionary says that satire is â€Å"the use of ridicule and sarcasms to attack vices, follies, ect.† Using that definition, I think that all the Pilgrims in the Canterbury Tales have some sort of satire in them to some extent. Some are more subtle and some are more extreme and noticeable than others. The Knight is one of the pilgrims that Chaucer used more subtle satire with in the Prologue. The first way satire is used in the Prologue is with the Knights character. Chaucer wanted to present a realistic knight, but he also wanted to give that knight some very real and obvious flaws on the way that knights were viewed in the 14th century. Chaucer described the realistic knight in the beginning of the Prologue as a â€Å"worthy man†¦Truth and honor, freedom and courtesy, full worthy was he in his Lord’s war†¦and honored for his worthiness.† This puts the reader at ease and makes the knight look somewhat noble in the beginning. Toward the end of the Prologue of the Knight Chaucer begins to describe the Knight in a less than honorable way writing that â€Å"†¦he was not gaily dressed†¦ stained and dark with smudges†¦Ã¢â‚¬  A knight is someone who is always viewed in bright shining armor and Chaucer describes this knight as being sloppy. When reading the Prologue you notice two different voices. In the Knights case the first voice is that of the narrator who is a naà ¯ve person that is ready to see good no matter how dirty or dishonorable the Knight is. The second voice is that of Chaucer. He is more worldly and sarcastic. It’s this voice that puts the satire in Canterbury Tales. Satire is used very well and effectively through out Canterbury Tales. The perfect knight was always clean, courteous, and honorable without fault. Chaucer used satire to describe a knight that is definitely not ideal. He may be courteous but he isn’t clean by evidence of the dirtiness of his clothing....

The Threat of Urban Cities of Policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Threat of Urban Cities of Policing - Essay Example The cities become bigger around the Anthropocene, as the world population engages in the biggest ever urban migration. The geological timescale, however, illustrate that the cities are most probably temporary, just like any other human constructs. Majority of the cities will not withstand the disastrous humanity effect, which is combined with the natural upheavals (Michael 401). Historically, the urban environments were developed within fertile river valleys, and strategically at the river mouths. The rich agricultural sediments, nutrients and moisture available in coastal deltas greatly enhanced the food production. The favorable maritime environment and also effective river connections supported the trade and transportation activities. Thus, people found this environment very ideal to reside in. Further increase in the population led to the tapping and the diversion of the rivers for the purposes of irrigation, canal transportation and also industry applications. The rivers were also trapped for usage as reservoirs and dam, with the aim of energy generation and also water storage. But the diversion of the rivers leads to negative environmental consequences such as droughts. The sediments are not moving downstream in appropriate quantities because of river diversion and also tapping. The sediments are also inadequate to maintain the deltas that are require d for erosion control at the ocean shores (Albert 78). Rapid industrialization during the last century enhanced these processes. This is the reason why presently, several urban centers experience threats of the storm surges, and thus a lot of the economically significant areas on the planet are likely to be lost. Major world cities like New York and Bangkok have been adversely affected by the flood conditions. The other cities that are at risk from flood disasters are; Mumbai, Shanghai, Miami, New Orleans, Calcutta and Alexandria. Approximately three billion individuals

Do social stories decrease challenging behaviour in children with Dissertation

Do social stories decrease challenging behaviour in children with Autism - Dissertation Example Parents, instructors and psychologists have practiced variety of instructional methods and techniques for improving behavioural disorders among the children with autism. Social Stories are used to enhance social behaviour and social skills among the children having developmental disorders and autism. Social Stories are widely accepted cognitive approach to behaviour change. It is a part of general knowledge and clinical studies also mentioned the fact that children with autism have lower social appointment and less regularly initiative and respond to initiations than their typical mates. Because of autism and other developmental problems, children show some signs of poor social interactions, loneliness, difficulty in making and maintaining social relationships, and other types of mental disorders. The most important goal of Social Stories is to deal with those devastating difficulties among the children with ASD (Kokina & Kern, n.d.). Parents and teachers identify that generally Soci al Stories are written to give details the meaning of problematic situations to the students and give emphasis to the pertinent details, by this means addressing students’ difficulties stemming from weak central coherence (WCC). Shannon Crozier’s case study clearly underlines that the student who engaged in the case study demonstrated a frequent reduction in his disruptive social behaviour. Other factors like participant’s age, degree of diagnosis, format of the Social Stories, length of the intervention and the process of assessment play a significant role in the processes of examining the effectiveness of Social Stories in creating desirable social behaviour among the autistic children. Background of the study In order to appreciate the use of social stories in promoting desirable behaviours, we need to know about various challenging behaviours generally autistic children were explored. So it will explore the historical context of the issues as it will help to give a theoretical perspective for current policy and so on. Parents and instructors have followed mixed opinion about the effectiveness of Social Stories in creating desirable social skills among the children with autism. However, Social Stories help the children with specific behavioural disorders to comprehend some social situations, and other’s perspectives towards various social contexts. The study gets vital importance when one relates the topic in to the ongoing issues about the effectiveness of the social stories in creating desirable social behaviour among the children having behavioural problems.†Children and youths with autism display a variety of unique behaviours, including social interaction excesses and deficits , self-stimulatory behaviours and marked preoccupation with restricted and stereotyped responses† (Zager, 1999, p.194). The proposed study will search to establish the current status of various techniques for children with behavioural disor der. It will discuss how parents and instructors demands social stories for removing behaviour challenges from their children’s nature. Existing instructional methods for autistic children paved the way for numerous debates and discussions about their effectiveness. Studies make available vital information about the growing phase of challenging behav

Cultural Identity paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cultural Identity paper - Essay Example However, when you are a part of the majority, there is not a small community of people who share your culture. Rather, the community of people who share your culture is the larger part of the citizenry, and this makes life more isolated than if I was a part of a minority. Moreover, it seems that these individuals in the minority communities have more of a cultural identity, and this cultural identity is kept within the community, learned within the community, and spread through the community due to the tight-knit nature of their community. On the other hand, when you are part of the dominant culture, there is not the same tight knit community, so it seems to be easier to lose one’s ethnic or cultural identity. This is in contrast, to say, the Masai, which is a tribe in Africa that have consciously rejected Western values and beliefs. They are a further example of the tight-knit community in which the individuals within the community share a commonality of beliefs, values, and a history. For instance, the beliefs that are generally passed on from one generation to the next is the value of having large, strong, families; the value of elders, who are believed to be the wisest of all tribe members; and a patriarchal hierarchy that is a source of pride (Samovar & Porter, 2000, p. 92). The world view and perceptions of the world are colored by their membership in the tribe, which means that they value nature to the point where they will not kill wild animals unless they pose a threat or there is a severe drought; they observe a specific religion with a god with two distinct personalities – benevolence and lightning; and how they deal with death – they leave the bodies of the deceased out for the wild animals to eat, because they feel that they are essentially returning the person to nature. Where, in Western cultures, that last belief, especially, would seem abhorrent and disrespectful, because we bury our dead, for the Masai, this is the way tha t it is done and they do not mean disrespect at all (Samovar & Porter, 2000, p. 92). So, the Masai is an excellent example of a close-knit group that transmits culture, and this is the kind of group that I do not feel that I belong. It was therefore difficult for me to apply my situation to the readings that are in this course. This is because the key aspects of my identity are not necessarily derived from my cultural status. The origins of my family are Germanic, but my family has been living in America for a number of generations, therefore the Germanic identity has been replaced by that of being an assimilated American, and this has been the case for many generations. And, since American is such a large country, with many different customs and is essentially a melting pot, it is difficult to describe how being an American affects my perceptions and so forth. As one of the major parts of our reading states that one’s culture affects how one sees the world (Samovar & Porter, 2001, p. 91) – for instance, a Japanese person will see a person being brash and bold, and find that person disrespectful, where a Navajo person will see that same person as being self-centered and mischievous (Samovan & Porter, 2001, p. 54) – it is difficult to discern exactly how my culture relates to the different parts of the reading. So, the easiest way to approach this

How Internet Has Changed People Essay Example for Free

How Internet Has Changed People Essay The Internet has changed a lot over the year and a lot of people really dont talk to each other anymore instead they talk either on Facebook or another Internet site. With all the things that you can do most families really dont spend any time with each other anymore because everyone is doing something on the Internet. Now a day’s people can log on the Internet where ever they are. Because the internet decreases face to face interaction, makes it easier to retreat into a cyber-world, and vastly polarizes opinions and minimizes basic etiquette, the internet has done much to divide the global population, rather than connect it. About 86 percent of the world population uses the internet on a daily bases. Over the years Internet has decreased face to face interaction quite a bit. Now days if someone want to talk to someone they will just video chat with them over the Internet on apple devices, cell phones, computers, and Xbox. Also when someone wants write someone else they dont get out paper and pen they go on the Internet and email them. Now days it is much easier to retreat into a cyber-world, than it is to retreat in this to in the real world. Social websites like Facebook and twitter have made people a whole lot less social than they were years ago. The average Facebook user creates 90 pieces of content every month! Internet has done so much to divide the global population, rather than connect it. Instead of families spend quality time with each other they are all in different rooms on the Internet doing different things. I have noticed over the years that a lot of people have become more depend on the internet that they don’t know what they would do without it. A lot of things for schools are now on the internet like for my math class everything is online and very little on paper. Now days most parents don’t see their kids because they are usually in their room on the internet doing different things like either video chatting, play a game online, or online chat rooms. According to Pewresearch.org â€Å"A new Pew Internet Project report reveals that 93% of teen’s ages 12†17 go online, as do 93% of young adult’s ages 18†29.† Today every teenage has their own TV, computer, and other electronic devices just in their room. A lot of people think that they need their cell phones or their computers and they don’t know what to do when it dies when the power is out. They think that it is the end of the world when either their phone dies or their computer dies when they power is out. Peoples are lost without the internet. Devices that have internet access are addicting and people sometimes don’t know when to stop. The internet has come a long way since it started and now everything is online from banking to emailing and lots of other things. A lot of education is on the internet more and more each year, for example if you need help and don’t know how to do a math problem and you don’t want to leave your house you can just search the internet for an online tutor. 107 trillion emails sent in 2010 and many more since then. People are now dating other people over the internet, instead of meeting each other the old fashion way. With online chat rooms you can talk to someone that is in a whole different country and not even know that. Individuals are becoming less independent on families than they were before. According to SocialMediaToday.com writer Tim Patterson, Facebook has 518 million users. I think that the internet is making people a whole lot less social than they were before the internet started. My family can be so caught up in what we are doing on the internet that forgets that one another are even home. I think that people should spend less time on the internet and more time with their families. According to InternetWorldStats.com in 2010 the United States Internet Users the top 5 states are California (29.8 million users), Texas (17.2 million users), New York (16.1 million users), Florida (14.8 million users), and Illinois (10.2 million users).

Human Mortality in Masque of Red Death Essay -- essays research papers

Human Mortality in â€Å"The Masque of Red Death† As a gothic writer, Edgar Allan Poe created horror using gloom as his weapon. Hidden within the suspenseful story of â€Å"The Masque of Red Death† is an allegorical tale of how individuals deal with the fear of death as time passes. Frantic activities and pleasures (as represented by Prince Prospero and his guests) seek to wall out the threat of death. However, the story reminds the reader that death comes â€Å"like a thief in the night†(Poe 3), and even those who seek peace and safety shall not escape. Poe uses symbolism to illustrate that man cannot hide from his own mortality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  David R. Dudley states that â€Å"the Red Death symbolizes death in general† (Dudley 169). This can be assumed by the nature of the disease. No cure could be found for the Red Death and all whom obtained it eventually died. Also, the fact that the Red Death contains the word death directly connects the two. This connection clearly suggests that the Red Death symbolizes death. Knowing that, the fortress that Prince Prospero designed to separate himself and his guests from the Red Death symbolizes his human desire to escape death. Just as humans attempt to avoid the topic of death with material goods and busyness, the prince provides his guests with â€Å"all the appliances of pleasure.†(Poe 1) Yet despite all of these precautions, death rules over all as the Red Death is able to sneak into the fortress and claim every life within it. Liz Bren...