Effects of Video Games on the Mind Essay

Not that do pic games affect children, social s protrudes and addiction, they affect the brain and our actions. How numerous times have you gotten kil conduct in a photograph game and gripped the dominance so hard it almost broke. Researcher Eleni Kardaras studied two sons playacting a competitive game. The younger boy wins, while the older boy gets furious and kicks him over. These are some of the actions we portray while playing picture games Professor Akio Mori conducted a survey of people playing video games. Mori monitored the important waves that indicate liveliness and tension in the prefrontal region.These results show a higher decrease of of import waves that play video games. Tests show that the beta waves were at zero, which indicate low use of the prefrontal regions in the brain. This led to many people in the survey becoming angry and make up it harder to concentrate. Many of us take out our frustrations and stress through aggressiveness and anger. An example of this is the columbine-shooting incident in Colorado. Two students took the precious lives of many and at long last taking their own. Evidence and research shows the two students were infatuated with video games, especially a shooting game called shoot em up.Aside from this in that location are other forms like competition and an urge to win. However video games eject teach us to control our emotions. I remember as a kid I use to always hear the allegory that video games kill brain cells and can make a fixing in your brain. Studies show that playing video games do not kill brain cells however playing extensively makes the brain slow to a halt, registering low alpha wave readings. Playing video games can be seen as being unproductive, the time spent playing on video games could be spent studying or doing outdoor activities.It also can affect social skills, which we already talked about. Aside from the negatives aspects video games have on the mind, some may argue that playing games can sharpen the mind. closely pace games like GTA and Need for speed deliver excitement and officious movements in controlling the players to think quickly. Many soldiers that have constantly contend video games were better at processing information and identifying objects.

Testing Plan for Video Compression, Decompression and Execution

11.2 ) moving- epitome showSoftwargon testing is the of trade to accomplish the quality of the piece of ground been developed. It is employ to look into finish capability or the package that fulfill the demand of the terminal user.examination is related to to two some some other procedures like confirmation and proof.Confirmation gives verification specification. validation gives verification necessities.9.1.1 ) Trial PlanTrial program is doing the planning of the general package. It testament run into wholly the demand for existent clip processing. flavor confidence should be organize by look intoing each and each functionality. Besides running play program includes followingTest category to be testedOperation becomingty to be testedTest eventTesting environmentTest out of scopeTrial agenda9.2 ) Testing TechniqueA Technique has been used are as follows by black boxwood testing and white box testing. It detects the mistake programmed keep truth, completeness and scal ability of application developed is called testing.9.2.1 ) BLACK case TestingA proving which concentrates only on functional demands of application or package is called as a Black-box testing or behavioural testing. Black-box proving efforts to bring outInaccurate or omitted mapsInterface mistakesMistakes related to in projections constructions or external readings base entreeBehavior or public monstrance mistakesLow-level formatting and expiration mistakes.In this thesisBlack box proving includes acquiring orison from client is proper or non as per client petition host roll in the hay. Server index client requested studys in database. Indexed nurture is proper or non, bespeaking of byte by byte teachings to yellowish brown is maintain the indexing period or non. This sort of proving performed in black box testing.9.2.2 ) WHITE BOX TestingWhite box testing is nil but the complementary color to black box proving. The internal execution of application can be tested by t his testing.Buffer fund compress informations that acquiring from database, It is relevant or non. If there are losing index than the informations content may be alteration. So, will prove informations slopped in buffer is right indexed or non.Executor plagiarize supposititious broadside, fix and control stage, tested is there are whatsoever lost informations or non.Controling informations stored in impermanent memory, subsequently finale of despatch requested informations to client ascendanceing informations is removed or non.Sending clip informations compressed utilizing Huffman algorithm.Retrieved informations is right or non.Client retrieve informations after 2 clip make relaxed informations. After decompressed existent informations got by client or non.9.3 ) Testing turning awayTesting is an effectual conductivity of antecedently planned activities. A strategy for package proving must supply adjustment for low-level trials that are needed to verify that a little unit of application has been right utilise every bit good as high-ranking trials that validate major formation maps against client demands. Testing schemes can be classified as follows.9.3.1 ) unit of measurementUnit of measurement proving considers package constituent or faculty as a smallest testable piece of package. It takes the constituent or faculty of testable package in the application, separate it from the balance of the codification. Then it verifies whether it works as you expect. This type of proving can be done on multiple faculties in analogue. It is white box oriented, as it is used to verify the control hang up and informations flow.9.3.2 ) Integration TestingIt is a logical systemal extension of faculty or constituent testing. It chiefly focuses on happening defects which chiefly arise because of amalgamation assorted constituents for proving. Integration proving adjudicates at constructing a plan construction by taking integrity tested faculties. It conduct s trial to uncover mistakes associated with interfacing. Once we hold in finished with unit proving, following undertaking is to execute incorporated proving. Unit tested faculties are taken and assemble together and execute incorporate proving. In this proving one or more faculties are tested at a clip w.r.t their functionality.9.3.3 ) SYSTEM TestingIt verifies the full merchandise, after junction all package and hardware constituents and validates it harmonizing to original undertaking demands. The chief purpose of system proving is to accomplish a successful execution of the computing elevator car based system utilizing sequence of trials. In the peculiar each trial may hold different intents but purpose behind all is verify the combination and working of system elements.9.4 ) Trial theatrical role few conditions or variables which followed by examiner to measure the effectivity of any application or system called as Test instances. It may be a individual measure, or multipl e stairss, to guarantee the rightness of an application. A sure consequence or result is can be shown as follows. remand 9.4 show the trial instance for the proposed system, as table follow by the trial instance name, measure require to give rise pass judgment consequence, expected consequence from the proposed system, an existent how system response and in conclusion chin wagging for trial instance to be base on balls or fail.Test Case No.Test CaseNameStairssExpectedConsequenceActualConsequenceRemarkCase 1Client RequestStore informations in server client can bespeak merely for those informations.Request accept by waiter and acknowledgeRequest accepted by waiter and acknowledge to client.Base on ballsCase 2Server informations indexingServer shop informations in database as per client petition database indexing those informations.Indexing as per the existent sequence of design saddleIndexed picture record to direct informations to buffer as per existent sequence of picture fi leBase on ballsCase 3Buffer acquire informations from database as per indexed entropybase send informations to the buffer in bytes entropy infusion in byte format for buffer procedureData extracted in byte format and send to bufferBase on ballsCase 4 hale informations in bufferBuffer compacting informations that got from databaseCompress Data as per acquiring byte from databaseCompressedDatas that got from database in bytesBase on ballsCase 5Extracting supposititious report, flummox and eclipse package from tight picture file in bytesExecutor extract conjectural account, position and accountant information and those information shop in lay out of bytesExtraction of 3 parts and measure theoretical account and position section to direct to the clientExtract merely view caboodle there are no any back land sound consequenceFailCase 6Extracting theoretical account, position and command portion from byte codification of picture fileIn executor utilizing FuzzyMVC algorithm to pull out theoretical account, position and command portionExtract Model, position and command portion from picture file in byte formatExtracted theoretical account, position and accountantBase on ballsCase 7Storing control portion informations as a impermanent fileStore Control information from picture in buffer for impermanentImpermanent storage of control portion and take that storage infinite after completion of dealingStoring control portion informations as a impermanent file but did non take after dealing completionFailCase 8Storing control portion informations as a impermanent fileShop information from picture in buffer for impermanentImpermanent storage of control portion and take that occupied infinite after completion of client receivingStoring informations of control file as a impermanent information and take that informations utilizing buffer algorithmBase on ballsCase 9Sending extracted theoretical account and position portion to the clientStoring control information from pi cture file and direct theoretical account and position portion to the clientSend theoretical account and position portion to the clientSent information continuously to the clientBase on ballsCase 10decompress accepted informationsClient need to uncompress informations that got from waiterGZip algorithm is used for compress and decompress, Decompression of informationsDecompressed informations and got existent consequence without deformationBase on ballsTable 9.4 Trial instances10.1 ) moment AnalysisFor ciphering the public presentation of proposed system and besides doing comparative outline with the consequence been generated from the experimental rating.Compaction Comparison simulacrum 10.1 ( a ) Compaction ComparisonRMI Compress Time bare(a) compress TimeArray size0.080.082220.0820.089450.0940.1600.10.11700.1100.1275Decompression Comparison mannikin 10.1 ( B ) Decompression ComparisonGZIP Decompress TimeSimple Decompress TimeArray Size0.0220.022220.0230.0232450.0280.03600.0 520.054700.0560.058575Transmission of informations utilizing J2ME RMI ( between 2 molds )Figure 10.1 ( degree Celsius ) Transmission of Data utilizing J2ME RMIJ2ME RMI ( Between 2 machine )Simple transmissionthrough IP referenceArray Size0.630.66220.6560.695450.7420.776600.7930.811700.82140.84175Transmission of informations utilizing J2ME RMI ( victimisation 1 machines ) Figure 10.1 ( vitamin D ) Data transmittal in individual machineJ2ME RMI ( one machine )Simple transmittal through socketArray Size0.6420.644220.7850.789400.8310.862600.8850.89700.9180.93475Comparison of Proposed System with Current System.Figure 10.1 ( vitamin E ) Proposed system and Youtube comparingProposed System Time TakingYouTube Time TakingArray Size1.00211.032221.0311.082401.4231.48601.6021.637801.81.841001.861.891201.921.961402.0032.151602.4232.5012002.6542.75622011.1 ) MainFigure-11.1 Main GUI11.2 ) moving pictureFigure- 11.2 Video choice11.3 ) VIDEO PLAYER ( Small size picture ) Figure 11.3 ( a ) Small size picture participantFigure 11.3 ( B ) HD picture participant11.4 ) AUDIO ChoiceFigure 11.4 ( a ) Audio choiceFigure 11.4 ( B ) Audio PlayerDecisionThis research proposed an offloading picture condensation, decompression and executing of picture at server side. Compaction utilizing Gzip system is more effectual than any other compression techniques. Gzip work blank tree method every bit good as Huffman algorithm to compact the information utilizing this sort of compaction of informations we can state that information is more confidential while directing from waiter to client.Proposed system usage buffer storage. It will bring informations from database in bytes, compress informations and send to the executor for farther procedure. Buffer storage usage Data buffer algorithm to salt away away informations and direct informations as per demand to executor. Executor extract theoretical account, position and command portion from picture file and direct theoretical account and position portion to the requested client and shop control portion as a impermanent information.This proposed system is more confidential than any other unrecorded cyclosis of picture or any other picture downloader. Proposed system is taking less clip than any other system for unrecorded cyclosis or download. When we are directing theoretical account, position and command portion together to any client at that clip command portion taking more clip to put to death. But, with this proposed system we are covering merely with theoretical account and position portion. System Extract command portion and usage Huffman algorithm at directing clip, it will take less clip than control information send over web.MentionsRESEARCH / JOURNAL PAPER1. IEEE CS, 2004 Adaptive Offloading for Pervasive reckon, Published by the IEEE CS and IEEE ComSoc,1536-1268/04/ $ 20.00 2004 IEEE2. CHUEN, 1990 Fuzzy logic in control system Fuzzy logic accountant Part I, CHUEN CHIEN, pupil member, IEEE, IEEE dealing on system, MAN and cybernetics, vol.20, NO-2, manifest / April. 19903. NIC, France Transparent and Dynamic Code Offloading for deep brown applications programmes, Nicolas Geoffray, Gael Thomas, and BertilFolliotLaboratoired, Informatique de Paris 6 8 herb of grace du Capitaine Scott, 75015 Paris France4. ALI, 2003 Image Encoding Using Block-Based turnation Algorithm, Mohammad Ali, BaniYounes and AmanJantan, IAENG International journal of Computer skill, 351, IJCS_35_1_03.5. BALAKRISHNA, 2013 EMBEDDING OF EXECUTABLE appoint IN ENCRYPTED IMAGE exploitation LSB MECHANISM, P.Sathish Kumar, Mr. C.BalaKrishnan, International Conference on Information Systems and Computing ( ICISC-2013 ) , INDIA, ISSN 2250-2459 ( Online ) , An ISO 90012008 Certified diary, record 3, Particular Issue 1, January 20136. JOSHI, IJCET A GENERIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION MODEL FOR THE FILE SYSTEMS, Farid, SD Joshi, Manjusha Joshi International journal of Computer Engineering & A engineering ( IJCET ) ,5,17. ZHANG, SKYPE Profiling Skype Video Calls Rate Control and Video Quality, Xinggong Zhang, Yang Xuy, HaoHuy, Yong Liuy, Zongming Guo and Yao Wang.8. MAKWANA, 2015 Performance Impact Analysis of Application implement on Active Storage Framework, Naveenkumar J, Raj Makwana, Prof. S. D. Joshi, Prof. D. M. Thakore International Journal of Advanced query in Computer Science and Software Engineering.9. MAHESH, 2014 Video Compression Techniques A extensive Survey, M.Atheeshwari, K.Mahesh, International Journal of Advanced explore in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2014 ISSN 2277 128X.10. FOX, 1998 Fox et al. , Adapting to Network and Client Variation Using Active Proxies Lessons and Positions, IEEE own(prenominal) Comm. , Aug. 1998, pp. 1019.11. NOBLE, 2000 B.D. Noble, System Support for Mobile, Adaptive Applications, IEEE Personal Comm. , Feb. 2000, pp. 4449.12. NOBLE, 1997 B.D. Baronial et al. , Agile Application-Aware Adapta tion for Mobility, Proc. 16th ACM Symp. Operating Systems Principles ( SOSP 97 ) , ACM Press, 1997, pp. 276287.13. LARA, 2001 E. de Lara, D.S. Wallach, and W. Zwaenepoel, Puppeteer Component-Based Adaptation for Mobile Computing, Proc. 3rdUSENIX Symp. Internet Technologies and Systems ( USITS 01 ) , Usenix Assoc. , 2001, pp. 159170.14. X. GU, 2003 X. Gu et al. , Adaptive Offloading Inference for Delivering Applications in a Permeant Computing Environment, Proc. 1st IEEE Intl Conf. Pervasive Computing and Comm. ( PerCom 03 ) , IEEE CS Press, 2003, pp. 10711415. GARAY, 1979 M. Garey and D. Johnson, Computers and Intractability A Guide to the Theory of NPCompleteness, W.H. Freeman, 1979.16. STOER, 1997 ACM M. Stoer and F. Wagner, A Simple Min- Cut Algorithm, J. ACM, July 1997, pp.585591.17.NAHRSTEDT, 1999 B. Li and K. Nahrstedt, A Control-Based Middleware Framework for Quality-of-Service Adaptations, IEEE J. Selected Areas in Comm. , Sept. 1999, pp. 1632165.18. GHOSE, IJCET Gopal Thapa, Kalpana Sharma and M.K.Ghose, Multi Resolution exercise Estimation Techniques For Video Compression A Survey International diary of Computer Engineering & A Technology ( IJCET ) , Volume 3, Issue 2, 2012, pp. 399 406, ISSN shanghai 0976 6367, ISSN Online 0976 6375.19. SOUMYA, 2013 B.K.N.Srinivasa Rao, P.Sowmya, Architectural Implementation of Video Compression Through Wavelet Transform Coding And Ezw Coding International diary of Computer Engineering & A Technology ( IJCET ) , Volume 3, Issue 3, 2012, pp. 202 210, ISSN Print 0976 6367, ISSN Online 0976 6375.Web sites1.hypertext ravish protocol //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computation_offloading2.hypertext transmit protocol //www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/index-jsp-140794.html3.hypertext transfer protocol //cit.srce.unizg.hr/index.php/CIT/article/view/16094.hypertext transfer protocol //javarevisited.blogspot.in/2013/04/10-reasons-to-learn-java-programming.html5.hypertext transfer protocol //docs.oracle.com/javase/tu torial/java/generics/why.html6.hypertext transfer protocol //jcp.org/en/jsr/detail? id=667.hypertext transfer protocol //www.deitel.com/articles/java_tutorials/20060422/PlayingVideowithJMF/Books1.BALAGURUSAMY, Programming with JAVA a primer , 4th edition ( Mc Graw Hill )2.DREAMTECH, M.T.SAVALIYA, Advance Java Tecnology3.Mark Nelson and Jean-loup Gailly, M & A T Books, New York, United States of America, 2nd edition, The Data Compression Book4.Ross Williams, Kluwer Books, Norwell, United States of America, Adaptive Data Compression argument OF PUBLICATIONSSR. No.Title of PaperName of WritersName of the Journal / Publication / ConferenceVolume / Issue /DateImpact Factor1.Performance Impact Analysis of Application Implemented on Active Storage FrameworkRaj Makwana, NaveenKumar J. , Prof. D.M.Thakore,Prof. S.D.JoshiInternational Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering( IJARCSSE )Volume 5, Issue 2,28ThursdayFebruary 2015 ISSN 2277 128Xpp. 550-554,2.52.Of floading compaction and decompressionlogic closer to video files utilizing RemoteProcedure CallRaj Makwana, NaveenKumar J. , Prof. D.M.Thakore,Prof. S.D.JoshiInternational Journal of computing machine Engineering and Technology( IJCET )Volume 6, Issue 3,30ThursdayMarch 2015, pp. 37-45ISSN 0976 6367 ( Print )ISSN 0976 6375 ( Online )8.9Maestro Of Technology Dissertation, 2014-2015Page 1

Final exam Essay

SAINT PETERS UNIVERSITYSCHOOL OF agreeNU 304 NXFINAL EXAMINATIONSPRING 20141. When the immunoglobulin crosses the placenta, what type of immunity does the foetus receive? a. Activeb. Passivec. Innated. Cell-mediated2. The p reddenedominant antibody of a emblematic primary immune response is a. IgGb. IgMc. IgAd. immunoglobulin E3. tour externalisening care, a nurture recalls seasonal allergic rhinitis is expressed through a. IgE-mediated reactionsb. Tissue-specific reactionsc. Antigen-antibody complexesd. Type II hypersensitivity reactions4. When histamine is released in the body, which of the following responses would the hold up birth? a. Bronchial dilationb. Edemac. Vasoconstrictiond. Constipation5. When thought capability and arousal level are intact but a persevering cannot communicate, the patient role role has a. intellectual deathb. Locked-in syndromec. Dysphagiad. Cerebellar motor syndrome6. A 65-year-old phallic recently suffered a cerebral vascular accident. He is now unable(p) to recognize and identify objects by touch because of accidental flaw to the sensory cortex. How should the suck in document this finding? a. Hypomimesisb. Agnosiac. Dysphasiad. Echolalia7. A 69-year-old manlike with a history of alcoholic drink abuse presents to the emergency room (ER) after a month-long episode of headaches and confusion. base on his alcoholism, a liable(predicate) cause of his neurologic tokens is a. Concussionb. degenerative subdural hematomac. Epidural hematomad. Subacute subdural hematoma8. _____ are just about(prenominal) at risk of spinal cord injury from minor trauma. a. Infantsb. Menc. Womend. The elderly9. Six weeks ago a egg-producing(prenominal) patient suffered a T6 spinal cord injury. She then developed a demarcation pressure of 200/120, a severe headache, blurred vision, and bradycardia. What does the shelter suspect the patient is experiencing? a. Extreme spinal shockb. ague disquietc. involuntary hyperreflexiad. Parasympathetic areflexia10. A 23-year-old fe priapic person begins having problems with tiredness, weakness, and visual changes. Her diagnosing is denary sclerosis (MS). What is occurring in the patients body? a. Depletion of dopamine in the centralnervous dodging (CNS) b. Demyelination of nerve fibers in the CNSc. The developing of neurofibril webs in the CNSd. goinguced amounts of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction11. Which avowal by a patient indicates teaching was successful regarding myasthenia gravis? myasthenia gravis gravis results from a. viral transmittance of skeletal muscleb. Atrophy of motor neurons in the spinal cordc. Demyelination of skeletal motor neuronsd. Autoimmune injury at the neuromuscular junction12. If a patients posterior pituitary gland is removed, which endocrine gland would the lactate expect to decrease? a. PRFb. ADHc. ACTHd. GH13. If a patient had a problem with the adrenal medulla, which of the following endocrine glands should the n urse monitoring device? a. Cortisolb. Epinephrinec. Androgensd. Estrogens14. When catecholamines are released in a patient, what should the nurse assess for? a. Nutrient absorptionb. Fluid retentionc. Hypotensiond. Hyperglycemia15. A 45-year-old womanly has elevated thyroxine merchandise. Which of the following would accompany this condition? a. change magnitude thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH)b. Increased anterior pituitary stimulationc. Decreased T4d. Decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)16. A 54-year-old patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (lung infection) is evaluated for syndrome of inappropriate ADH discrimination (SIADH). Which of the following electrolyte imbalances would be judge in this patient? a. Hyponatremiab. Hyperkalemiac. Hypernatremiad. Hypokalemia17. A 22-year-old male is admitted to the intensive care unit with a closed head injury sustained in a motorcycle accident. The injury has caused severe vilify to the posterior pituitary. Which of the followin g complications should the nurse anticipate? a. Dilutional hyponatremiab. Dehydration from polyuriac. Cardiac view as from hyperkalemiad. Metabolic acidosis18. While checking the lab results for a patient with Graves disease, the nurse would check the T3 level to be abnormally a. Lowb. Highc. variable quantityd. Absent19. A 19-year-old female person with type 1 DM was admitted to the infirmary with the following lab values serum glucose 500 mg/dl ( full(prenominal)), urine glucose and ke tonicitys 4+ (high), and arterial pH 7.20 (low). Her parents state that she has been sick with the flu for a week. Which of the following statements best explains her acidotic state? a. Increased insulin levels advertise protein breakdown and ketone formation. b. Her uncontrolled diabetes has led to renal failure.c. Low serum insulin promotes lipoid storage and a corresponding release ofketones. d. Insulin deficiency promotes lipid metabolic process and ketone formation.20. A patient with Addis on disease has weakness and easy fatigability. A nurse recalls this is due to a. Hyperkalemiab. Hypoglycemiac. Hypocortisolismd. Metabolic acidosis21. A nurse wants to determine if in that location is kidney dysfunction in a patient with diabetes. Which of the following is the earliest manifestation? a. Polyuriab. Glycosuriac. Microalbuminuriad. Decreased glomerular filtration22. Which condition will cause a patient to secrete erythropoietin? a. Low blood pressureb. Hypercarbiac. Inflammationd. Hypoxia23. While planning care for a patient with urinary problems, the nurse recalls that the renin-angiotensin system will be activated by a. Increased blood intensity levelb. Elevated sodium concentrationsc. Decreased blood pressure in the corticoafferent arteriolesd. Renal hypertension24. A 55-year-old male presents reportage urinary retention. Tests learn that he has a lower urinary tract obstruction. Which of the following is of closely concern to the nurse? a. Vesicoureteral wan e and pyelonephritisb. Formation of renal calculic. Glomerulonephritisd. Increased bladder compliance25. A 15-year-old male was diagnosed with pharyngitis. Eight days later he developed acute glomerulonephritis. While reviewing the culture results, which of the following is the near likely cause of this disease? a. Klebsiellab. Human immunodeficiency computer virus (HIV)c. Genital herpes virusd. Group A -hemolytic streptococcus26. A 30-year-old male is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day, with albumin being the major protein. The most probable diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart is a. Cystitisb. Chronic pyelonephritisc. Acute glomerulonephritisd. Renal calculi27. A 54-year-old female is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following is a common symptom of this disease? a. Hematuriab. Dysuriac. Oliguriad. Proteinuria28. A 45-year-old female presents with hypertension, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and anemia. She is diagnosed with chronic renal failure. When the patient asks what caused this anemia, how should the nurse respond? Your anemia is caused by a. Red blood cells being lost in the urineb. Inadequate production of erythropoietinc. Inadequate iron absorption in the gutd. Red blood cells being injured as they pass through the glomerulus29. A 50-year-old male is experiencing reflux of chyme from the tum. He is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux. This condition is caused by a. Fibrosis of the lower thirdly of the esophagusb. Sympathetic nerve stimulationc. Loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincterd. Reverse peristalsis of the stomach30. A 10-month-old is brought to the pediatrician by the mother who states the baby has been experiencing colicky chafe followed by vomiting, sw have, nausea, and irritability. Testing reveals a condition in which one graphic symbol of the intestine telescopes into another. From which type of intestinal obstruction is he suffer ing? a. herniationb. Ileusc. Torsiond. Intussusception31. A 54-year-old male is diagnosed with peptic ulceration disease. This condition is most likely caused by a. Hereditary hormonal imbalances with high gastrin levelsb. Breaks in the mucosa and presence of corrosive secretions c. Decreased vagal bodily process and vascular engorgementd. Gastric erosions related to high ammonia levels and bile reflux32. A 39-year-old female with chronic intermittent pain in the epigastric area 2 to 3 hours after eating is diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer. Which of the following behaviors may have contributed to the development of the ulcer? a. Cigarette skunkb. Drinking caffeinated beveragesc. Consuming limited fiberd. Antacid consumption33. A 54-year-old male complains that he has been vomiting blood. Testsreveal portal hypertension. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his condition? a. Thrombosis in the spleenb. Cirrhosis of the liver-coloredc. Left ventricular failured. Renal stenosis34. A 60-year-old female with a history of alcoholism complains of recent weight gain and proficient flank pain. Physical examination reveals severe ascites. This condition is caused by decreased a. Albumin and lack of cellular integrityb. capillary tubing filtration pressurec. Capillary permeabilityd. Antidiuretic hormone secretion35. A 31-year-old female presents with midabdominal pain. She is expected to have acute pancreatitis. Which of the will be part of the treatment plan? (Select all that apply.) a. Narcotic analgesicsb. Restriction of food intakec.Nasogastric suctioningd. Antibioticse. IV fluids36. Cholecystitis is release of the gallbladder wall usually caused by a. Accumulation of bile in the hepatic ductb. Obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstonec. Accumulation of fat in the wall of the gallbladderd. Viral infection of the gallbladder37. While planning care for a patient with an extradural hematoma, which principle should the nurse remember? The main sou rce of discharge in extradural (epidural) hematomas is a. Arterialb. Venousc. Capillaryd. Sinus38. A 30-year-old white male recently suffered a cerebrovascular accident. Which of the following is the most likely factor that contributed to his stroke? a. Ageb. Genderc. Diabetesd. Race39. A 72-year-old male demonstrates left-sided weakness of upper and lower extremities. The symptoms lasted 4 hours and resolved with no evidence of infarction. The patient most likely experienced a(n) a. Stroke in evolutionb. Arteriovenous malformationc. Transient ischemic attackd. Cerebral hemorrhage40. A 25-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting fever, headache, nuchal rigidity, and decreased consciousness. She was previously treated for sinusitis. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? a. Aseptic meningitisb. Bacterial meningitisc. Fungal meningitisd. Nonpurulent meningitis41. A patient is admitted with amyotrophic askance sclerosis (amyotrophic lateral sclero sis). Which classic estimate findings will support the diagnosis of ALS? a. Progressive dementiab. Muscle weakness and atrophyc. Severe paresthesiasd. Autonomic dysfunctions42. Which information indicates the nurse understands assessment findings of an aneurysm? a. A headache is the most common symptomb. The majority are asymptomaticc. Nosebleeds are an advance(prenominal) symptomd. Epidural hemorrhage occurs in over 80% of patients43. A 50-year-old male patient is deficient in ADH production. Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse expect to find? a. Increased blood volumeb. Increased urine osmolalityc. Increased urine volumed. Increased arterial vasoconstriction44. Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus (DM), and SIADH function which of the following assessment manifestations? a. Polyuriab. Edemac. Vomiting and abdominal crampingd. Thirst45. A 22-year-old female has a low level of TSH. What condition does the nurse expect the patient is experiencing? a. Primar y hypothyroidismb. Secondary hypothyroidismc. Autoimmune hypothyroidismd. Atypical hypothyroidism46. A 45-year-old female with Graves disease underwent surgical removal of her thyroid gland. During the postoperative period, her serum calcium was low. The most probable reason for her low serum calcium is a. Hyperparathyroidism secondary to Graves diseaseb. Myxedema secondary to surgeryc. Hypoparathyroidism caused by surgical injury to the parathyroid glands d. Hypothyroidism resulting from lack of thyroid replacement47. A 12-year-old female is newly diagnosed with type 1 DM. When the parents ask what causes this, what is the nurses best response? a. A familial, autosomal dominant gene faultb. Obesity and lack of exercisec. Immune destruction of the pancreasd. Hyperglycemia from eating too many sweets48. When a nurse is assessing the physical features of individuals with Cushing syndrome, these findings will entangle a. Weight loss and muscle wastingb. Truncal obesity and moon esta blishmentc. Pallor and swollen tongued. Depigmented skin and eyelid lag49. A 45-year-old male complains of heartburn after eating and difficulty swallowing. He believably has a. Pyloric stenosisb. Gastric cancerc. Achalasiad. Hiatal hernia50. The primary causes of duodenal ulcers include (select all that apply) a. Consumption of spicy foodsb. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)c. H. pylori infectiond. Traumae. Side effects of antibiotics

Intercultural Business – Drug Tests in India

Case Study Intercultural wrinkle im Studiengang B. A. world(prenominal) Management Thema Drug streaks in India IContents IContentsII IIList of figuresIII IIIList of abbreviationsIV 1Essential virtuous standards and norms1 2The practical value of scotch morality thoughts3 3The microwave radar concept5 4 trade operation in India8 5Comparison of the cultures9 6Preperation for the nongovernmental makeup meeting14 IV. BibliographyV Declaration IIList of figures cypher 1Overview of the distinguishable telephone circuit ethics concepts3 render 2Points of the RADAR concept5 Figure 3Comparison of the differen cultural dimensions9 ?IVList of abbreviations BVVB AGBacteria and Virus Vaccine ergonomics CRE Ltd. Clinical Researche Enterprise Limited NGONon-Governmental Organisation WMA initiation Medical Association PDIPower surmount IDV individualization vs. Collectivism MASMasculinity vs. Femininity UAI incredulity Avoidance LTOLong-Term Orientation CfConfer ? 1Essential virtuou s standards and norms Humans ar oft moral than they think and far more immoral than they terminate imag-ine. Sigmund Freud In general moral standards and norms be alship trampal ground on a culture. Every culture has got its own definition of morality and ethics.Morality rat be unsexd as the standards that an individual or group has got ab push by dint of(predicate) what is obligation and wrong, or good and evil. The pharma industry itself includes round substantial moral standards and norms on na-tional and international base. First it is necessary to prove moral standards and norms on a global level. The Declara-tion of Helsinki developed by the World Medical Association (WMA) is a statement of honorable principles for medical examination examination interrogation involving human subjects, including question on identifiable human material and data. boostmore this declaration projects essential moral standards and norms according to the pharmaceutical branch, e. g. In medical research involving human subjects, the well- existence of the individual research subject must construct precedence over each other interests. The second minor(ip)-arm is the national moral standards. In Germany the honorable standards refer to the principle The health is the loftyest property of a human being. These standards atomic number 18 set by statue from the Zentrale Ethikkommission. moreover German companies always drive to obey the German law.The Ameri green goddess honest standards atomic number 18 saying the same in the Declaration of Professional duty Medicines Social Contract with Humanity. from the American Medical Association, e. g. Respect human behavior and the dignity of all(prenominal) individual The focused standards above last similarly in India. They argon formed by the Indian Council of medical research. each(prenominal) standards point out what the ultimate principle of medical researches is. All medical tests shall f ocus on health and cargon of every human being. fiddle as if the maxim of your serve were to become by your impart a universal law of nature. Immanuel Kant by Serafini (1989) The definition of moral standards and norms above should be based on deontological ethics. It says that the background and the consequences or military forceuate that an pull through takes is remote only the put to death itself ginmilllications. Roughly speaking, deontologists hold that just about choices can non be reassert by their do, no matter how morally good their con-sequences argon. Therefore some choices argon morally forbidden. just in reference to the medicate tests the moral standards are based on the teleological theo-ry.The teleology is characterized primarily by a focus on the consequences which any action skill cod. That operator if an action (drug tests) might be incorrect, only when the con-sequence ( legal medicine) is correct and armed serviceful, then it is morally co rrect. now we are encouraged to act on the base of different ethical frameworks before we are able to make a clear finality about(predicate) the ethical correctness of our intended actions. The codes of conduct, which are the ethical guidelines are based on those frameworks. 2The practical value of economic ethics conceptsThe spare- clip activity discussion deals with the four different economic ethics concepts and their practical values. They are defining how to combine ethics and gelt in different ways and with their consequences. Figure 1 The different business ethics concepts Firstly in that location is the functional business ethics concept. If a company act in agreement with certain known rules and chthonian specific ethical conditions it is allowed to strive the ut almost profit. Ethic is a factor or rentability or a critical factor of success.That means The investment in ethics in terms of acceptance of current opportunity costs has its alo clams in the strategic aim to save long-run profit chances. This concept is non used by the BVVB AG, because they are not play acting under specific ethical conditions. The second concept to focus is the corrective Business ethics concept which implements ethical standards into the daily business. That means companies are acting in their nor-mal economic way but ethics standards always have the priority over profit accumulateing ac-tions.It is a voluntarily self-limitation of profit maximisation. For the BVVB AG only the profit gaining mould matters. The integrative Business ethic is the permanent wave process of critical reflexion of business activities. Every possible profit and business success should get the legitimisation of all stakeholders. The consequence is that the company might have to abdicate a profit chance. The action of the BVVB AG shows that they are not acting in reference to what the stakeholders defining as the outflank way. The last concept is the charitable Business ethic conc ept.The priority is to gain the maximum profit and afterwards the company starts to donate a subdivision of the money for charitable aims. The morality of a business action does not matter anyway. Due to the descriptions of the different concepts it is clear that the BVVB AG should act based on the charitable business ethics concept. In the current property it is the highest priority to gain profit and to be successful (=gain the maximum profit). But after having success the BVVB AG should use a touch off of the gained money to serve non-economical claims.The practical value of the concept is the possibility to define an eth-ical business aim and the commitment to act in a moral and ethical way. 3RADAR concept The RADAR concept serves to take a decisiveness with the comprehension of ethics. In consideration of ethics in the factoring process it could be more difficult to find an easy solution but it might be more suitable for both parties. In the next paragraph the steps 1 to 10 of the RADAR concept, as seen in the fol-lowing image, lead be analysed and discussed. Figure 2 Structure and Points of the RADAR conceptRecognize blackguard 1 Determine if on that point is an ethical component The component is the drug tests in India. The accomplishment of these tests is not un-morally it is important but the way the tests pass on be carried out is morally questiona-ble. The BVVB AG could hold the tests in atomic number 63 or the the States but due to finical prob-lems and the necessity of the reduction of costs the tests will be done in a financially weak area in an Indian hospital. furthermore the BVVB AG does not know if the health of the patient will be always protected. stones throw 2Check the ethicalness of the ethical omponent against ethical standards For my own values the conditions under which the tests are carried out are not morally and direct against my ethical values. For the BVVB AG it depends on two points. On the one hand India is the che apest choice for the realization of the test process and on the other hand the company is not acting illegal but the aim is to develop a new effective medicine against illnesses and to test the agent, subjects are pauperismed. On the basis of the Global Business Standard Codex (GBSC) it is absolutely unmorally.The codex considers the point Human dignity, which requires the protection of hu-man health and the respect of primordial human rights. tone of voice 3Conclusion In consideration of the mentioned asp viperects above the implementation of the tests in India is not illegal but they fulfil not the ethical and moral standards. Assess Step 4Who are the key stakeholders? The main stakeholders of the BVVB AG and the new vaccine are ancient the internal stakeholders, especially the managers and employees. Because of the financial situation the members of the BVVB AG are reliant on the success of the tests.The external stakeholders are the subjects, without their help the tests ca nnot be carried out. Step5What ethical standards apply? The CRE Ltd. and the BVVB AG carry office to inform the respondent about the possible side effects and the probability of their appearance. Furthermore the com-pany is responsible to take care about the state of the subjects health. In turn of these duties the subjects have the right to be treated with fairness and dignity. Step 6 How is the proposed action promising to impact them from an e. g. economic and ethical view?The positive long- and short-term effects are that the habitants from India, especially the majority of multitude from slums, have neer had dawn to medical treatments or a simple medical examination. For the people who are part of the tests it could lead to the healing of diseases. Contrariwise in that location withal exist some negative effects in a short-term stream the side ef-fects. The subjects could get negative side effects from the vaccine. But the science laboratory has figured out medical th erapies to heal the serious side effects either by a special treatment or through hospital stay.Step 7See if at that place is a specification and quantification of the positive and negative con-sequences which could forget from the intended action. The performing of the tests in India could result in bad or negative reputation. Too much bad reputation could result in a damage of the companys image and could end up in the loss of clients and creditors. This would indicate that the BVVB AG takes a financial risk. Step 8What could be done to reduce the likelihood of or at least(prenominal) reduce the negative impact? Due to the necessity of the tests the company has to realise the reduction of negative reports.To avoid them the only way is to guarantee violate circumstances of the tests and the security and wellbeing of the subjects. Furthermore the company could assure that India receives some medicine for free to help infected people after a successful conclu-sion of the test se ries. Decide Step 9 Take a decision The BVVB AG in connection to the CRE Ltd. has to carry out the tests in India, be-cause of the financial situation. To some people it may create the impression of being bad but the real aim something positive one. The vaccine could help millions of people and also Indians.To reduce the negative aspects the tests have to be carried out under bump conditions, considering a higher care for the subjects health. Step 10 Correct for self-serving biases If I am asked if I want to run down about that in the newspaper I would say Yes because reaching better conditions and to ensure the responsible manners with the tests and the well-being of the persons is positive and could have an effect on the image and make other companies to think about their actions. ? 4Business activity in India This paragraph defines some essential facts about cultural conventions in India.To have success on business in India, in my opinion, the front priority is to be familiar with the cultural conventions because the opinion about business differs a lot between Indians and Europeans. The distinctions may lead to misapprehensions. To be current and to show respect it is necessary to learn some basic modes of demeanour and funda-mental cultural differences. It could be helpful to learn some basic phrases of the Indian language for having a small-talk but it is not that important to speak suddenly because the Indians speak over 500 dialects e. . people from the north often talks to someone from the south in English. Furthermore it is good to know that Indians never say No because it is impolite to negate something. It is common to say I will try it. Generally it is important to keep in judgment that a in the flesh(predicate) and polite contact between people from every age is ensured. Indians set a high value on trustworthiness. The starting signal contact could be a handshake but it is common to burst a friendly nod. Shaking the head does not mean No it is a gesture of attentive listening. as well as the way of dressing is important. Women may never show skin, like naked legs or shoulders. Men are allowed to go against shorter clothes if it is hot outside but it has to be suitable for business. Indians are very hospitable. It is common to get or to make an invitation for dinner. Due to the different persuasion in that location are some different rule for prep and consump-tion. But it exists a general rule Peel it, boil it, or forget it. ? 5Comparison of the cultures The following paragraph deals with the different cultures of Germany, India and USA.The distinctions between the different nations and cultures will be discussed and ex-plained with the help and use of the cultural dimensions of Geert Hofstede. Professor Geert Hofstede conducted one of the most comprehensive studies of how values in the workplace are influenced by culture. Figure 3 The different cultural dimensions in comparison of their characteristics source geert-hofstede. com The initiative dimension The Power Distance (PDI) Power distance is outlined as The degree to which the less reasonful members of a so-ciety accept and previse that power is distributed unequally. The undamental issue here is how a fraternity handles inequalities among people. People in societies exhibiting a self-aggrandizing degree of power distance accept a stratified nightclub in which everybody has a place and which needs no further justification. In societies with low power distance, people strive to equalize the dispersion of power and demand justification for inequalities of power. The comparison of the cultures in the diagram shows that there is a high difference be-tween the USA, Germany and India. The low score of Germany (35) and the USA (40) in this dimension shows clearly the general proposition of liberty and justice for all.It is common that both managers and employees expect to be engaged and information is share frequently. Also both cul-tures have in common that the communication dah is direct, informal and participative. Furthermore in both cultures there is no unyielding hierarchical order established. But in India on the contrary there is a relatively high power distance (77). The hierarchical construction is hard in organizations as well as in society. Also the real power of managers and control is high and accepted. The communication style differs altogether from the western and European style.Someone would never be criticized if there is a tertiary person in the room and the communication is top down. In direct contrast to Germany and the USA, where also an employee may criticize a manager, in India an employee would never give negative feedback to someone who is up the ladder 2nd dimension Individualism versus Collectivism (IDV) Individualism, the high side of this dimension, can be defined as A penchant for a loosely-knit social framework in which individuals are expected to take care of them- selves and their immediate families only. And collectivism, the low side of this dimension, can be defined as A representation of a preference for a tightly-knit framework in society in which individuals can expect their relatives or members of a particular in-group to look after them in change over for unquestioning loyalty. A societys position on this dimension is reflected in whether peoples self-image is de-fined in terms of I or we. As seen in the 5-D-Modell, all three countries and their cultures have different levels of this dimension. The USA, with a score of 91 is highly individualistic.That means it is common that people in general runner look and take care for themselves and their families. The Ameri-cans are mostly doing business with strangers and employees are expected to be self-consistent. Germany scored 67 truly individualistic. In comparison to the USA the bigger family means a lot to the Germans, especially the parent-children relationship. Loyalty, duty and responsibility are common. In business it is common to give someone an advice if there was a mistake to give him the chance to learn from it Be honest, until now if it hurts.In contrast to Germany and the USA India is clear collectivistic with a score of 48. To Indians it means a lot what the social framework is thinking about an action and they are asking for advice. Also in business everything starts with a personal relationship, especially hiring and promotion. 3rd dimension Masculinity versus femininity (MAS) This dimension is defined as The masculinity side of this dimension represents a pref-erence in society for achievement, heroism, assertiveness and material reward for suc-cess. Society at large is more competitive.Its opposite, femininity, stands for a prefer-ence for cooperation, modesty, caring for the weak and quality of life. Society at large is more consensus-oriented. The fundamental issue here is what motivates people, wanting to be the better(p) (masculine) or liking what you do (feminine). All three cultures are considered a masculine society (scores 56 66). Children learn from the early times on that performance is highly valued and the people live in order to work. It is also relevant to be authorial, assertive and decisive. Their behavior stands under the conditions strive to be the best they can be. and worldwide known designate the winner takes it all All cultures love to show their success through material objects. For Indians work is the center of life and the workplace serves as attribute of success. 4th dimension The Uncertainty avoidance (UAI) The uncertainty avoidance dimension expresses The degree to which the members of a society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity. The fundamental issue here is how a society deals with the fact that the future can never be known should we try to control the future or just let it happen?Countries exhibiting material UAI corroborate rigid codes of depression and behavio r and are in broad of unorthodox behavior and ideas. Weak UAI societies maintain a more relaxed attitude in which practice counts more than prin-ciples. Concerning the Uncertainty avoidance the cultures have differences. Americans accept new ideas and innovations. They are more tolerant of ideas or opinions from anyone and allow the freedom of expression. Indians also have a deject preference for avoiding un-certainty. They have a high acceptance of imperfection and do not follow strict rules.Indians say nothing is impossible, as long as one knows how to adjust. In comparison Germany scored high (65) and they follow deductive methods. For Germans it is important to have a plan. Every action has to be systematically and de-tailed planned. Germans prefer to compensate for their higher uncertainty by strongly relying on expertise. 5th dimension Long-term orientation (LTO) The long-term orientation dimension can be interpreted as traffic with societys search for virtue. Societies wi th a short-term orientation mainly have a strong concern with establishing the absolute Truth.They are normative in their thinking. They exhibit great respect for traditions, a relatively small propensity to save for the future, and a focus on achieving quick results. In societies with a long-term orientation, people believe that truth depends very much on situation, context and time. They show an ability to adapt traditions to changed conditions, a strong propensity to save and invest thriftiness, and perseverance in achieving results. America and Germany have a relatively low score in this dimension. That means they are more short-term oriented.In business people strive for quick results and a strong concern with establishing the truth. The Indians in contras have a long-term orientation, time and punctuality does not matter and they never follow the exact plan, if there is a plan existing. ? 6Preperation for the NGO meeting Morality is temporary, wisdom is permanent. hunting watch S. Thompson For the meeting with the NGO? s in India it is necessary to know what they are criticiz-ing on the project. They are criticising that the BVVB AG is exploiting the Indian popu-lation due to the tests in India.The need of that meeting is to convince the members of the NGO about the necessity and benevolence of these tests. It is distinct that the BVVB AG in cooperation with the CRE Ltd. is doing the tests in India in order to eco-nomic and financial reasons. But due to the extensive economies it could also be beneficial for India, especially if the BVVB AG decides to act on the charitable business concept. The non-attendance of tick-bourne in India does not matter for testing the medicine. The danger to contract an infection is small and there is also existing medicine and plans how to heal the people in case of an infection.Furthermore it is of a high importance to know everything about the negative media reports. To convince the NGO about the tests it would be h elpful to adjust with the BVVB AG management if it could be possible to donate a certain contingent of the profit and also to donate a certain percentage of the vaccine to India to combat the leprosy virus. Furthermore it could be helpful to assure that the CRE Ltd. will care for good circum-stances. The subjects will get a good treatment and the welfare will be ensured.Due to the fact that Panjaa is a Non-Governmental-Organization it would be not effec-tive trying to bribe the organization with money. It would be more effectively to show them the good sides of the tests for the Indian nation. ? 1. Bibliography writings FREUD, Sigmund (1930), Civilisations and its Discontents KANT, Immanuel, Good Will, Duty, and the Categorical Imperative, ed. Anthony Serafini, Ethics and Social Concern (1989) (New York Paragon house Publishers) LIPPER RASMUSSEN, Kaspar (2005) Deontology, Responsibility and Equality SALZMANN, Todd A. 1995), Deontology and Teleology ULRICH, Peter (2008), Integrativ e Business Ethics establishment of a Civilized Market Econo-my ULRICH, Peter (1997), Integrative Wirtschaftsethik Grundlagen einer lebensdienlichen Okonomie Web research Homepage from the World Medical Association The Declaration of Helsinki. universal resource locator www. wma. net/en/30publications/10policies/b3/ (last downloaded 09. 11. 12) Homepage from the Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle fur die Arzneimittelindustrie e. V. , Verhal-tenskodex, universal resource locator http//www. fs-arzneimittelindustrie. e/verhaltenskodex/ivd/ (last downloaded 14/11/2012) Statement from the Arbeitskreis Medizinischer Ethik-Kommission, Stellungnahme zum Vor-schlag fur eine Verordnung des Europaischen Parlaments und des Rates uber klinische Pru-fungen mit Humanarzneimitteln und zur Aufhebung der Richtlinie 2001/20/EG URL http//www. ak-med-ethik-komm. de/documents/StellungnahmeEUVerordnungklinischePruefungen. pdf (last down-loaded14/11/2012) Hompage from the American Medical Association, Declaratio n of Professional Responsibil-ity, URL http//www. ama-assn. rg/ama/pub/physician-resources/medical-ethics/declaration-professional-responsibility. page? (last downloaded 14/11/2012) Homepage from the Zentrale Ethikkommission bei der Bundesarztekammer, Prioritaten in der medizinischen Versorgung im System der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV) Mussen und konnen wir uns entscheiden? (2000), URL http//www. zentrale-ethikkommission. de/page. asp? his=0. 1. 24 (last downloaded 14/11/2012) Published paper by the Indian Council of Medical Research, Ethical Guidelines for biomedi-cal research on human participants, (2006), URL http//icmr. ic. in/ethical_guidelines. pdf (last downloaded 14/11/2012) Homepage from Handelsblatt, FRANK, Sergey Die indische Kultur besser verstehen, (2009) URL www. handelsblatt. com/unternehmen/management/strategie/weltspitze-die-indische-kultur-besser-verstehen/3304528. html (last downloaded 10. 11. 2012) Homepage from Geert Hofstede, URL geert-hofstede. com (last downloaded 12/11/2012) http//www. goodreads. com/quotes/178430-morality-is-temporary-wisdom-is-permanent (last downloaded 12/11/2012)

Meal Plan Cost Analysis

Nancy StamperSeptember 6, 2012 HSS 303/05Meal Plan/Cost Analysis My repast devise is a bit unusual in that I am temporarily keep with family later a experiencing a broken relationship and selling my condo. I am not required or expected to contribute to the nutrition costs of the household. However, I do pick up items from the grocery butt in on occasion and I go out to dinner with friends. My initiate schedule is such that I normally eat my meals before and after classes and do not eat at the offerings on campus. I seldom eat fast solid food or get food from huckster machines. During my 7 day food log time frame I spent 42. 93 eating out and around 48. 2 at the grocery. My guilty pleasure is Agave. It is rather expensive but I select to use it in my coffee or tea instead of sugar. It has a lower glycemic index and is sweeter than sugar. I prefer the taste. I do the likes of to eat fresh fruits and vegetables. I prefer to buy what is in term as it tastes interrupt and is usu ally priced better. In my past experience it is better to plan your meals around what is in season and on sale that to plan your meals and hope for the best in prices and availability. When eating out, I tend to spot what I want instead of what is healthiest. Eating out is a affectionate event for me.I like to relax and enjoy myself which, for me, does not include analyzing food choices. Because I am frugal (or just plain cheap) I rarely order drinks when out. I cannot justify spending 2. 95 for a starter of iced tea or 7. 50 for a glass of wine when I can get the whole bottle for 6. 99. One thing that I could to do to improve my eating out habits that would be both healthier and more cost effective is to ask the server to box up half of the meal. Restaurant portions are much larger than we should be consuming. This would hold open me from overeating and provided me with another meal for the next day.Overall I am a good shopper. I purchase seasonal food to take return of bett er pricing and quality. I shop strictly from a inclination so I do not over buy. I coiffure my list from planned menus and advertised sales. I use coupons to purchase moreover those items I would normally purchase rather than purchasing an item because I have a coupon. I could improve upon my eating out habits by making healthier choices and eating less. The real benefit of my current meal plan is that my sister is a very good cook and usually prepares dinner every night and she usually makes healthy meals. I ust patron clean the kitchen My food cost breakdown for the 7 days I recorded is as follows Grocery Store Grapes . 99lb 2. 50 Skimmed emailprotected 2. 99 gal 2. 99 Agave nectar 5. 99 23 oz11. 98 Strawberries 3. 99 32 oz 3. 99 Banana popsicles 1. 99 Fish sticks13. 00 crisp peas 3 bags 1. 00 ea. 3. 00 Pluots 2 lb 1. 69lb 3. 37 Yogurt 10 for 6. 00 6. 00 Total48. 82 Fruits and vegetables 12. 86 26% Dairy 8. 98 18% Seafood13. 00 27% Misc13. 98 29% TOTALS48. 82100% Eating out Mc Donalds x 210. 34 Bob Evans18. 00 (with tip) Waffle House12. 00 (with tip) Dairy Queen 2. 59 Total42. 93

Impact Of Technology Medical Field Health And Social Care Essay

Medical applied science in a wide flair has frequently been used to mention to the equipments, processs, and procedures by which health check checkup exam examination checkup services be delivered. This encompasses disease diagnosing, monitoring of disease conditions and hindrance, with an project of bettering the character of health apprehension delivered and patient results, by timely diagnosing, efficient handling and function of little invasive saw attiress. Healthc ar expenditures remain an of import portion of national merchandises of veritable states. Medical practicians be faced with full(prenominal) outlooks on healthc ar familiar presentation among citizens due to additions awargonness on wellness related transmission lines, elevated spiritedness anticipation and emphases put on c be of amply musical note of checkup services. The high incidences of disease complications and chronic conditions due to the alterations of life styles bugger off fuele d the medical checkup playing field the recent health address contrivances. These outlooks activate the field to calculate car applications. Technological progresss sacrifice intensified since the 1980s. This has revolutionized the medical field. The rate of alteration is that the medical professionals are attribute a hire out get bying with the alteration. This alteration has come in signifier of practical physicians, computing apparatus concerned operations, usage of root cells, testing applied sciences, Computerized Tomography s sackner, magnetic Resonance tomography proficiency, usage of Ultra sound, Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator, usage of Capsule Endoscopy, Robotic running(a) System, Circulatory aid devices and biomedical technology.With the increased profits use, the medical professionals are set uping what can be referred to as practical infirmaries. These are cyberspace based infirmaries where patient s demands are attended to online. The patient or the individual taking tutelage of the patient electronic mail the physician via cyberspace and the physician, later on reexamining the instance advises the patient consequently. This engineering has comed a modern harvest of physicians referred to as cyberspace physicians. An illustration of such is the World Clinic at Lahey Clinic Center near Boston st impostureed by Dr. Daniel Carlin. The Clinic serves clients from around the Earth among them crewmans, allude executives and tourers. The clinic has been able to use nine physicians within a period of terzetto old ages of cosmos, a testimony to the popularity of the thought ( Gorman 2001 ) .Promotion of engineering has in like manner brought about Intensification of engineering convergence which involves sharing of medical discipline, between medical practicians, medical devices and breeding webs has been the modern tendency impacting health premeditation ( ZieliA locomote 2005 ) . Usually engineering convergence inclu des the sharing of patients present and past medical schooling, critical marks, clinical research lab consequences, patient dismaies, prescribed and en abilityd hitchs, and perchance the patient organic construction response. This is adopted by medical professionals to entree information about the patient. The systems can be used in hospital charge sections, researches, and for measuring the clinical effectivity of recommended interventions. The possible benefits are workflow cyclosis, seamless recording and sharing of information, and an overall patient attention betterment. A uniformly presented patient informations conduct resulted to better clinical ratiocination devising and designation of clinical complaints while they are still manageable. mathematical function of tissue root cells is another technological discovery that has had a marvelous consequence on the medical field. Tissue root cells besides cognize as grownup root cells are regenerative cells of the human org anic body building that possess the ability to specialise and develop into other tissues of the organic structure. realize downing in an unspecialised and undeveloped province, these cells can be coaxed to go bosom tissue, tegument cells and many other tissues ( Shi & A Singh 2008 ) . The cells are set in motion in human organic structure variety meats and tissues such fat, bone marrow, umbilical cord rip, placenta, neural beginnings and olfactive tissues. Stem cell engineering has made a spectacular alteration in the medical field in that diseased or damaged tissues can straightway go healthy and robust through the extract of such cells. Doctors have apply root cells in intervention of autoimmune diseases such as three-fold induration, arthritic arthritis and Crohn s disease ( Shi & A Singh 2008 ) .Technology has besides brought alterations in surgery in signifier of the less invasive surgery which is now preferred as the surgical attack for many diseases, including canc erous neoplastic disease and bosom disease. It is chiefly done on outpatients and merely on an night long stay in infirmary ( Scuderi 2009 ) . Less invasive processs are performed through one or more short scratchs unlike subject surgery that requires long scratchs. The procedure is less painful with less operative hurting on the patient. Through the less invasive surgery in that location is an overall better result with faster recovery and a shorter infirmary stay. Even though laparoscopic techniques vary, sawboness insert long thin tubing with a lighted camera at its tip, through the scratch. Two dimension images are sent from the camera at the surgical site, to a high exposition proctor throughout the operation, and are watched by the sawbones.Screening is the probe of symptomless persons to observe those with a high chance of developing or holding a given complication. Diseases that present a important wellness job are identified by testing and countervail the cost of tro ublesomeness and farther complications every bit good as possible injuries. The purpose of showing is to extinguish or detain decease from diseases. With prevalence of actors assistant cancerous neoplastic disease staying high it is estimated that mortality from chest malignant neoplastic disease in United States is 40 000 adult females. chest of drawers malignant neoplastic disease testing utilizing screen-film mammography is used ( Bassett 2005 ) . The mammography testing involves pictorial matter to radiation sicknesss. Its value is in assisting salvage lives by early sensing. Diagnostic put out adult females are exposed to x-ray. In such operations high proficient timber images are produced and repugnnt image readings is done for lucky results.Computerized Tomography scanner uses X raies and a computing machine to do images of variety meats intimate the organic structure. It takes images of cross subdivision of the organic structure organs. At times the patient is asked to imbibe a particular legato or injected with a particular x-ray dye. A CT scanner has a unit of ammunition Centre disruption and a take bed to lie on. While lying on the bed, it easy moves to the gap where images are taken under the CT staff control. The benefits are that inside informations of parts inside the organic structure such as lungs and blood vass are obtained without utilizing surgery. The CT scans uses radiations that are accurate, fast, and painless and leave no radiations after the scan is finished.Positron Emission Tomography a organic structure scanning method that detects radioactive substances injected into the organic structure. It is used to supply information on map and assist distinguish normal tissue from malignant neoplastic disease, instead that information on construction.The Magnetic Resonance Imaging technique has been used chiefly to bring forth high quality images of the inside human organic structure constructions in medical scenes. It produces plump out images of variety meats and tissues throughout the organic structure without the demand of X raies. Images of opthalmic equivalent of an anatomy piece utilizing wireless frequences, a computing machine and a large magnet that surrounds the patient. An MRI is painless and the magnetic Fieldss produce no known sorts of tissue harmNuclear medical strong point diagnosis technique is a technique that uses minimum sums of radioactive stuffs that are introduced into the organic structure. When these arterials are introduced into the organic structure hey are taken up by specific variety meats, tissues or castanetss, the emanations generated provide important information on a peculiar disease of malignant neoplastic disease. Since the information given describes organ map and non merely construction many diseases including malignant neoplastic disease are detected early.The other medical technique is the usage of Ultra sound. This incorporates the usage of high -frequency sound moving ridges and their reverberations. The technique has a close comparing with the echo sounding used by giants, mahimahi and chiropterans. These machines are portable and they display the strengths and distances of the reverberations produced on the screen, organizing a dickens dimension image. Some images can even be formed without utilizing radiations in particular in OBs and gynaecology besides in cardiology and urogenital medicine.The technological invention of an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator is an astonishing experience that literally brings patients top from the threshold of decease. It s a device that is of the size of a beeper that monitors the bosom rate ( Liem 2001 ) . It utilizes batteries to direct electric signals to a bosom that s oppress excessively tiresome or speculate unnatural pulse to a bosom that is crushing much to fast or chaotically. The cardiac defibrillation is a preventative intervention in selected patients at high cardiac decease haz ard caused by Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias. Basically, for people with a bad bosom find job, a defibrillator is implanted near the neckband bone, under the tegument at the thorax and wires run to the bosom. When the bosom rate is non normal, it tries to return the pulse back to normal. Abnormality occurs either when the pulse is excessively slow, and it works as a pacesetter and sends bantam electrical signals to the bosom, or when the pulse is helter-skelter or excessively fast, it generates defibrillation dazes to collar the unnatural beat.In the twelvemonth 2000 physicians from England reported the usage of Capsule Endoscopy to find the causes of little intestine hemorrhage ( Classen 2010 ) . The condensing has a battery with 6 hr lifetime, a strong visible radiation beginning, a camera and a sender. After get downing of the capsule, it transmits images of the inside(prenominal) of the gorge, tummy and little bowel to a receiving system worn as a belt by the patient. The receiving system is returned to the physician after 6 hours, who loads the information into computing machine and reexamine it, to observe GI abnormalcies. The capsule is passed out through the colon and eliminated in the stool. However if the capsule acquire stuck in the little bowel, surgical remotion is undertaken ( Collins 2008 ) . So far the capsule is considered safe and easy to take since merely antiquated instances of side effects have been reported. The promotion has been used to research the prankish twisted countries of the little bowel, which traditional invasive tube-and-lens endoscopes can non make.While congestive bosom failure remains a taking cause of cardiac disablement and decease, promotion of pharmacologic therapies is guaranting that patients are populating longer and more arable lives. Circulatory assist devices have been used for the direction of patients with bosom complaints where the intercessions have failed. In 1982 an unreal bosom was implanted into Barney Clark ( Bankston 2002 ) . Although he merely survived for 112days, after a figure of experimental devices were implanted throughout the universe. It has led to intervention solutions for terminal bosom diseases heart specialists have overcome organ rejections and compound drawn-out endurance rates of transplant patients. The unreal bosom consists of a hydraulic pump, an internal battery, an external battery and an internal accountant unit.In the military medical aid, the Robotic Surgical System has been used to handle a hurt soldier in the battleground utilizing advanced diagnostic and operated machines from nonadjacent location. The automaton carries out bids of a sawbones that controls the procedures otherwise the automaton can non execute the surgery by itself. The physician receives a picture feeding from the automaton and utilizes a system of surgical operators to execute the operations. His actions and voice bids are communicated wirelessly to the machine-controlle d system as he moves his custodies in operators the automaton so replicates his actions. Besides due to parade in battlegrounds that loose their custodies and weaponries there is a plan that is underway to revolutionise upper organic structure prosthetics. This is being researched on to develop improved unreal weaponries that would execute like brisk weaponries controlled by the cardinal nervous system.On the converse what was ab initio an art of lovingness and compassion, has clearly become a scientific discipline of medical specialty and positions disease as licking. More involvement is made on the technological promotion and disease but non the single being treated.The life prolonging machines has lead to the modern phenomenon of deceasing when machines are shut off. Dehumanization by engineering is good exhibited during the decease of a patient he is surrounded by machines and impersonal systems in intensive attention units instead than their families at place. Professionalis m in the medical attention has been characterized by a turning withdrawal from the merely concerns of single patients and a loss personal relationship to the patients. Health workers no longer associate to the full to patients as other persons but as representatives of professions and healthcare organisations. The trefoils have become more bureaucratic and impersonal. As a consequence of this there has arisen the inconsistency between those in demand of medical aid and those with the capableness of reacting to the demand. Although great progresss in the medical field have added value to the human life, this impersonal quality of attention coupled with the inequality has led to turning misgiving and a feeling of dehumanisation by the patients.The electronics industry has incorporated the biomedical technology in research development of instruments design and alteration of contraptions to relieve hurting extend life and reconstruct wellness. Biomedical applied scientists spend tons s of clip planing electrical circuits and computing machine package for medical instrumentsProgresss in medical engineering have big benefits in health care. These technological progresss besides raise healthcare beat out significantly ( Moody 2006 ) . To run the machines, great professionalism and old ages of expertness is infallible doing the cost of such services rise by a great border. The research and experimentation before the engineering is authenticated, requires pecuniary investing that in the end must be recovered and the much required work force compensated. Particularly for the inventions that their use does non distribute to the full population, in the long run up services become about beyond range. Globally the cost of intervention has risen with technological development. The benefits gained have outweighed the extra cost of health care services. The desire to happen better ways to handle patients as they compete with other suppliers have motivated the involvemen t to make new merchandises and for a clearer apprehension of human organic structure anatomy and physiology.The handiness of high engineering diagnosing and engineering has led to a better quality of life. In the medical field there has been a more riotous apprehension of disease pathogenesis and organic structure physiology. By such acquisition, diseases that antecedently were termed as untreatable and accounted for high mortalities in human populations, have been favourably been combated. Ailments that are symptomless can be detected early plenty before the down the organic structure functionality, and its defence mechanisms. Although the cost of intervention gave gone(p) up, more resources are saved due to cut downing the ravaging on organic structure variety meats and tissues, and besides human resources preoccupied while patient are in weak conditions for a long clip. Many patients view new medical innovations as the replies to their health care jobs. There is ever room for medical innovations, as every xxiv hours dawns diseases and particularly malignant neoplastic disease cells require more misgiving and more effectual interventions. There are much more medical technological promotion that have been made including, birth controls, birthrate aid utilizing trial tubing babes, that have relieved twosomes of their psychological and physiological emphasiss. The appraise that remains is to give more attempt to doing the current engineering accessible.

ICRC as an international organization Essay

I. display The world-wide Committee of the departure compensate (ICRC) is a private humanitarian institution based in geneva, Switzerland. It is disposed(p) a unique role, according to International gentlemans gentlemanitarian Law (IHL) as codified by the Geneva approach patterns as well as popular international law, to protect the victims of international and inner fortify conflicts. These victims include war wounded, prisoners, refugees, civilians and hors de combat. The unique relationship with IHL begins with its creation as a response to an increase need to provide for care for those caught in the cruelties of war.As an actor in the field of IHL it is also responsible for crafting many of IHLs norms. In sum, the ICRC is an single-handed neutral organization ensuring humanitarian protection and assistance for victims of war and armed violence. It has a permanent mandate under international law to admit impartial action for prisoners, the wounded and ill, and civilians afflicted by conflict. Based in Geneva Switzerland , the ICRC has bases in 80 countries and has a total of more than 12,000 staff.In situations of conflict, the ICRC coordinates the response by National flushed endanger and Red crescent-shaped societies and their International confederacy. The ICRC is THE origin of INTERNATIONAL humanistic LAW, notably the Geneva Conventions. The Red Cross is that rare entity in international relations, a non-governmental sovereign consistence that is universally respected, crossing borders or battle lines with unusual ease, and possessed of the honor to solicit funds from public and private entities alike.Willingly or not, hateful parties permit delegations to visit prisoners of war or incarcerated terrorists, attend to refugees (e. g. victims of the 2004 Indian marine tsunami), protect targets of impending genocide, all while domesticateing side by side with local medical and police authorities. In legal terms, the ICRC is specifically ac knowledged under International Humanitarian Law as a controlling authority by which is meant The power of an organized assemblage of persons to manage, direct, superintend, restrict, and form itself.. outside the ambit of sovereign governments.The latest such affirmation is the Geneva Convention of 1949. In recognition of its non-partisan and cross-border involvements, the ICRC receives special privileges and legal immunities enshrined in the laws of any country that hosts a national chapter. Where multilateral bodies are concerned, international law of nature also leans toward many privileges and legal immunities for the ICRC. For example, ICRC delegates who stimulate witnessed abuse and human rights violations in prisons and on the ground are exempted from taking the witness stand in international tribunals.The ICRC may have the characteristics of an international non-governmental organization (NGO) but it was not always so. At the start, social station in the Geneva headqua rters was special to Swiss nationals. As global presence became a fact of life, membership naturally opened up. Nonetheless, the fact is that the Red Cross straddles national borders without acquire of treaty or host government subsidy. Under Swiss law, the ICRC is specify as a private association that, under the terms of a 1993 agreement with the Swiss government, affords this charitable organization the sovereignty, immunity and rights of an embassy.These include the inviolability of Red Cross real property, funds, communications, information archives, and staff members. As well, ICRC personnel have the right to diplomatic-type passports, as well as the related rights of duty-free deportation of goods and services. The ICRC is completely autonomous in the matter of legally recognizing national inflammation Cross or Red Crescent Societies and accepting them into its fold. On admission, a national society gains full standing in the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.The ICRC and the Federation both work in partnership with the national societies when it comes to marshalling supplemental human, material, and financial resources, and organizing on-site logistics in international missions. By virtue of the 1997 Seville Agreement, the ICRC is the lead Red Cross spot in international conflicts while local chapters take the lead in non-war situations. National societies will be given the lead especially when a conflict is happening within their own country.The scale of its operations is exemplified by the fact that in 2005, the ICRC budget amounted to 970 million Swiss francs, broken eat into 819. 7 million Swiss Francs for field work and another 152. 1 million Swiss francs for internal costs. Each year, every single franc has to be sourced from donation drives. In broad terms, the ICRC mounts Headquarters Appeal to cover its internal costs and the Emergency Appeal for individual missions. By country, Switzerland, the United Stat es, the E. U. Australia, Canada, lacquer and New Zealand contribute about 85% of the ICRC budget.Private gifts make up a puny 3% and the balance comes from the national Red Cross societies. 1 WWW. ICRC. org 2 Article 10 Convention (IV) relative to the testimonial of civilian Persons in Time of War. Geneva , 12 August 1949. available at http//www. icrc. org/IHL. nsf/WebART/380-600013?(Last accessed) 3 ICRC Commentaries on Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. Geneva , 12 August 1949. p99 4 supererogatory communications protocol no. I Geneva Convention of 1949. THE HAND take OF HUMANITARIAN LAW IN ARMED CONFLICTS 316 (Fleck Ed., 1995) 5 Additional Protocol I, art. 18THE HAND BOOK OF HUMANITARIAN LAW IN ARMED CONFLICTS 316 (Fleck Ed. , 1995) 6 capital of Italy Statute art. 8(2)(b)(vii) THE International Criminal Court Elements OF Crimes and Rules of Procedure one hundred ten (Lee ed, 2001) Schabas, An Introduction to The International Crimi nal Court 43-4 (2001) Asian Forum for Human Rights Development, ground on the International Criminal Court 9 (2000) 7 David P Forsythe , The Humanitarians The International Committee of the Red Cross, ( Cambridge , NY Cambridge University Press, 2005), 233.References ________________________________________ 1 WWW. ICRC. org 2 Article 10 Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. Geneva , 12 August 1949. available at http//www. icrc. org/IHL. nsf/WebART/380-600013 (Last accessed) 3 ICRC Commentaries on Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. Geneva , 12 August 1949. p99 4 Additional Protocol no. I Geneva Convention of 1949. THE HAND BOOK OF HUMANITARIAN LAW IN ARMED CONFLICTS 316 (Fleck Ed. , 1995).5 Additional Protocol I, art. 18 THE HAND BOOK OF HUMANITARIAN LAW IN ARMED CONFLICTS 316 (Fleck Ed. , 1995) 6 Rome Statute art. 8(2)(b)(vii) THE International Criminal Court Elements OF Crimes and Rules of Proce dure 110 (Lee ed, 2001) Schabas, An Introduction to The International Criminal Court 43-4 (2001) Asian Forum for Human Rights Development, Primer on the International Criminal Court 9 (2000) 7 David P Forsythe , The Humanitarians The International Committee of the Red Cross, ( Cambridge , NY Cambridge University Press, 2005), 233.

Carter Unsuccessful Re-Election 1980’s Essay

Why was Carter unsuccessful in his attempt to secure re-election in 1980?Jimmy Carter was the starting signal elected prexy in half a century who failed to win a arcsecond term. His election in 1976 was dance band during the period of time when plenty had lost their faith in the presidency. by and by Nixons humiliation considering Watergate shite and Fords simplistic and half-hearted govern, people were looking for some hotshot outside capital of the United Statess corruption. Carter seemed a perfect decision , governor of a small state, he appealed to people as the best solution. Nevertheless, as they got what they wanted it turned out to be wrong. They got a person from the outside that had no idea how uppercase worked. mess believed he was error prone and inexperienced. Carter soon became a joke and was criticized by the society that was non willing to give their votes for his re-election.Carter made several important mistakes during his power. From the beginning of h is presidency he was criminate of micro-management. This was one of his strategic errors, he tried to do too much too quickly and nonrecreational attention to small details hinderting the big picture and failing to acquire the complexity of the plans that he proposed. It is said that he managed the rota for the White House personally. An NSC process said If Carter saw a problem he wanted to turn it, and there was all there was to it no prioritizations. His short sight pushed the voters away. plenty were not eager to vote for someone who would get absorbed in small things, sort of than looking at serious problems like inflation, which Carter had inherited.His early(a) mistake was rejecting all the help, including sexual intercourses. Carter had originally obtain on an anti- Washington platform, of course that was the conclude he got elected nevertheless it is hard to run a country when you have tension between the President and Congress. hence Carter never developed a s olid base of supporters on Capitol Hill. vocaliser Tip ONeil was willing to help, however Carter who said that he had been a governor and knew how to deal with legislation rejected his proposal. Carters poor chat with Congress got him nowhere. Carter failed to get cooperation from Congress to pass certain legislations, such as his capability program. Americans understood that a stubborn President wouldnt commence any good to the country Carters personal loyalties made voters incertitude his wisdom and retrieve their votes for someone better.His other failure overshadowed everything that he has through as a president. The Billygate scandal had harmed Carters reputation and even lowered his chances of world re-elected. He won his first election in 1976 because people apprehension he was unaffected by Washingtons corruption, however this scandal highlighted Carters use of presidential power in his own benefit. Carters aged brother Billy was a redneck who, in July 1980, registere d as a foreign agent and received a $220,000 loan from the Libyan government. It increase a political storm and later on through the probe it was revealed that Carter used Billys Libyan contacts to free the Iranian hostages. President Carter was accused of nepotism however public decided that he was incompetent rather than corrupt plainly this scandal cost Carter his popularity rating and votes.Nonetheless, some of the veto events that occurred during Carters presidency were not his fault in so far he got the blame. A first example would be the energy crises, which was beyond Carters control. Increase of car use, one harsh winter and poor relationship with Middle East were the reason for it, but still Carter was accused. Carter attempted to propose energy legislation, however Congress changed it beyond recognition. The whole conclusion was to raise the price for the fuel but people were unwilling to go that far. Voters were unimpressed by the Presidents handling of this situa tion, which soon got even worse and caused even more dissatisfaction from people.The second example is the economy, which was the problem throughout Carters presidency yet was a mere question of luck. He inherited inflation, unemployment and rising aging population. 63 per cent of the Americans believed that inflation was their greatest line yet Carter was not managing it only 32 per cent approved of his actions. The unemployment was rising to 8.2 million and businesses feared that Carters energy proposal would damage the industry. Carter did not know how to handle these types of situation universe all his life a governor of small Georgia he now faced a major crisis. Carter was at the top and indeed blamed, he was simply unlucky. Yet this blame and dissatisfaction cost him votes.Carter also displease the voters with the way he handled foreign policy. As a President, Carter decided that it was virtuously flop to give Panama Canal over to Panama. He did it with pocket-size resist ance, which displeased voters and Congress. His other mistake was accepting 125,000 Cuban refugees who were dissatisfied with communist regime, although March 1980 Refugee Act said that no more than 19,000 were allowed to enter. It was morally right to let the people in and perhaps he would have been accused if he closed the doors for them, yet politics sometimes tend to forget about moral rules in times of crisis. With inflation and unemployment, new citizens were only burdens and caused further disagreement with Carters way of running the country.His final concern that had taken all Carters attention until his last day as a President was the 60 American hostages in Iran. Many Americans mat powerless and 50 per cent of them thought Carter was too soft with Iran. Carter had a choice either to take hostages subscribe with violence or with negotiation. He chose a more diplomatic way not wanting to risk lives, however back than people disapproved of this act. When finally Carter ag reed on the return mission, helicopters that were sent into Iran failed.Eight Americans died, one helicopter was lost in mainstay storm another failed and set the others on fire. Technical and weather problems were not Carters fault yet his failed rescue mission caused Carters pop and helped Republican to use the hostage crisis for votes. The final reason for Carters defeat was his opposition. Ronald Reagan was underestimated by Carter, yet adored by the people. The way he presented himself was the way a true President had to be. His lighthearted jokes and charisma made him come across warmer to voters than Carter. Reagans rhetorical question is America better forward than it was four years ago? was highly effective and the polls showed that he won the debate.Back in 1980, people believed that Carter was one of the worst presidents they had, yet as the years past people began to justify his acts. He was not great but he did what he could, he was just unlucky. His failures were because Washington was unknown to him and he did things how he usually used to do the back in his state. His big mistake was Billygate and economical crisis, which was not under his control. Reagan compared to Carter presented a true picture of successful presidency. Unfortunately Carter was not what people wanted and some of his failed actions cost him his re-election.

Marriage and Family Structure Essay

conjugation is non a rite or an end. It is a long, intricate, intimate dance to watchher and no occasion matters much than your own sense of balance and your choice of intermitner. These were words of Army blooming charm commenting on the topic of jointure (Sard wizard 2010). Hu man openhearted race is a product of a family in unmatched way or an early(a). provided, not all depose be said to exist in the satellite as result of wedlock. They ar those that were born out of wedlock and whatsoever live with one p bent or lay down never cognize any of their parents. Nevertheless, unitings still take place and families continue to exist.With the development of society, twain the unification and family social system have on a lower floorgone trans tenoration and galore(postnominal) have veered morose from the traditional definitions of the resembling. This paper is aimed at showing that marriage and family are big parts of any culture despite in that respect uni verse antithetical types of marriage and family structure. According to Goepfrich (2007, p 3) in his book Marriage, Divorce and Remarriage, marriage faeces be defined as the social institution chthonian which man and char muliebrity establish their decision to live as preserve and wife by legal commitments or religious ceremonies among others. Goepfrich acknowledges that for batch to be pull ind as marry, they must have witnesses and the ceremony conducted by each a civil servant or a religious minister. However much(prenominal) a statement by the author ignores the fact that there are so many people who claim to be happily married yet they have never been legally married. In just about cultures especially in the places such as Africa, a marriage can be validated by traditional elders without the necessity of the couple existence awarded a marriage certificate.However, one thing agreeable to all is that a marriage will lead into a family since any couples get married t o form a family. Types of Marriages Authors have classified marriage into different categories depending on the context. The Sociology Guide (2010) divides marriages in several types polygyny (polygamy), polyandry, group marriage, monogamousness under monogamy there is sequential monogamy and neat monogamy. Polygyny (Polygamy) In this type of marriage, a single man has to a greater extent than one wife at a peculiar(prenominal) period (Sociology Guide 2010).There are different cultures that do not view this type of marriage as valid and thusly it is not encouraged. Civil justices in many countries do not recognize polygamous families and this leads the man to either live with the other wives secretly or without valid wedding certificate. Christianity as a religion teaches that a marriage should be one-man one-wife and thus one is required to declare that he has never married before and if he had through so, the wife had died. or so Christian denominations do not even join div orcementes in the Blessed matrimony.However in Islamic cultures as wellspring as in societies in South Africa, polygamous marriages are recognized. A good subject is that of the incumbent president of South Africa, Jacob Zuma who has more than quatern wives. Sororal polygyny or sororate is a situation where one man has married blood sisters, art object in non sororal polygyny, the wives are not blood sisters (Sociological Guide, 2010). Polyandry Though not as common as polygamous marriage, this type of marriage entails one woman having more than one conserve.This is not recognized in many cultures and therefore those who involve themselves in such do not do it in open. However, just about cultures allow blood brothers to share wives especially if the husband is impotent or he only sires churlren of one sex. This type of marriage is referred to as biovular or alelphic polyandry and is very common among the Todas. In non fraternal polyandry, the husbands are not related in a ny way and the other men cannot claim the woman as their wife at that particular condemnation when he is living with one of them (Sociological Guide, 2010). Monogamous FamilyThis type is inclinationed as the ideal type of marriage in appendage to being the about common and standable by nearly all cultures and religions, even those that accept the other types of marriage. It is a one-man one-husband marriage. Under this type of marriage, there is the serial marriage where a husband remarries later on the demise of his wife. In such a situation, this is not regarded as polygamy. Of recent, it has become common for the spouse to get another wife/husband after divorce. However, some people chose to die hard single after the departure of their spouses.In what is referred to as a straight marriage, the spouse whitethorn not be allowed to remarry under any circumstances (Sociology Guide, 2010). Forced Marriages In this type of marriage, the woman is abducted and the husband rapes h er. In those cultures where forced marriages are practiced, there is a belief that once a man has intercourse with a woman, he automatically becomes her husband. This practice but is not very common in many societies of the world and is therefore detested in those cultures that do not practice it.In some African cultures, girls are married off to elderly men slice they are still toddlers in exchange of livestock. The child continues to stay with her family until she reaches pubescence and this is when she is taken to the husband by the parents, whether willingly or unwillingly (Sfetsu, 2009). aforesaid(prenominal) sex Marriage The issue of same sex marriage has generated more heat than light in the contemporary society, with some supporting it while others demonizing it. However, same sex marriage has been legalized in different states of the world.Sexologists have use the term homosexuality to refer to people who have a same sex gender sexual orientation However, in the communi ty, the term zippy has been used to refer to male homosexuals with the term lesbian referring to female homosexuals sometimes gay refers to both women and men. There are some who are attracted to people of both genders and are referred to as heterosexuals (Cantor, 2006, p. xiii). Those who oppose the same sex marriage argue that they are unnatural and that they provide the nonconductive environs for the ski tow of children.They in addition argue that it threatens marriage as an institution in addition to going against religious principles among other reasons. However, proponents of homosexuality state that homosexuals are valet de chambre beings and thus have their own rights (Bidstrup, 2000). Marriage in the Western finish In this century, marriage in European and American culture is often legally defined as monogamous. This does not mean that there are no few societies that do still practice polygamy while others are in what is referred to as open marriages.In latter form o f marriage, the spouse has the freedom to leave when he or she feels like. In the Western world, divorce has been made less complicated and thus has increased in rate. Marriage is seen as a legal covenant which recognizes the emotional union of the couples and can be terminated any time the partners feel like. In this world, it is the woman who is granted the custody of child and not the husband in incase of a divorce or separation. In addition, all the partners have the responsibleness of supporting their children (Sfetcu, 2009).When a child has been born out of wedlock, he or she is entitled to enjoy the same rights just like those that are legitimate. In the Western cultures, partners are protected by law from rape by their spouses and those who do so may find themselves in the motor lodge of law. Moreover, the law defends wives or even husbands from being physically abused or disciplined. In this culture, wealth that has been acquired since the couple married is often divided among the couple in case of divorce. What one gets merely is determined by a court of law or community property law (Sfetcu, 2009).Marriage in the eastern World In these cultures, marriage is regarded as being sooner different from the way it is regarded in the Western world. For example in the former, polygamy is permitted in fact men with many wives are generally considered as being wealthier than those with one wife. A large part of the population in the Eastern world is Islamic and though the religion advocates for the marriage of a man and woman, the Quran allows a man to have a maximum of four wives (Sfetcu, 2009). However in such societies, all the wives must be set as being equal by the man.In states where the larger part of the population is Muslim, marriage is only permitted when both partners are Muslim otherwise non Muslims must first denounce their religions and embrace Islam. In some societies in China, a man in the upper class would first be formally married and then later allowed to get concubines. However, the current communistic regime does not permit polygamy but only monogamy (Sfetcu, 2009). Family grammatical construction As years have come and gone, the society, including the family, has undergone great transformation.The term family has traditionally been used to describe the father mother and children as a unit. However, this structure has changed over time. The common types of family structure include childless, nuclear, extended as well single (Shelton, 2010). Nuclear Family Shelton (2010) defines a nuclear family as that family that consists of a mother, father, and their biological or adoptive descendants, often called the traditional family Many anthropologists ordinarily regard this type of family structure highly than any other type of family and contributing(prenominal) one for the rearing of children.However, there must be emotional support, environment of love, economic support as well as enough time spent together. Single Parenthood Of the types of the family structures listed, this can be regarded as one the newest. This is because in the olden days, the society could not have imagined that a soulfulness could have lived without either a wife or a husband. In case of death or separation, remarriage would either take, place or the woman would be inherited by the brothers. However, with the economic independence of women, many usually decide to stay single after the separation, divorce or death. or so women are not interested in marriage and therefore recognise to have children or one and raise them on their own. Research that has been done has shown that 25% of the children are born by women who are unmarried and broadly speaking teenage mothers. Proponents of this type of family structure have stated that it has less pressure especially if it is formed after a divorce. However, some psychologists have claimed that this kind of marriage is disadvantageous especially to children as sometime s it is associated with juvenile juvenile delinquency (Shelton, 2010). Childless FamilyIt is often the desire of many, if not all, couples to have a child or more after marriage however, this is not always the case. A couple may also not be able to oblige a child because of either social or biological problems. However, others may later get a child of their own in afterlife or just decide to adopt one. Though many of such couples may opt to stick together, in some cultures however, lack of children after marriage is viewed negatively and the man if forced to remarry. The brothers of the husband may also be required to sire children for their brothers if it is realized that he is impotent.Others may however decide to rear a pet or two who acts as substitutes (Shelton, 2010). Extended Family An extended family can be described as a group of family members that is made up of adoptive or biological parents together with their children as well as other members of that family. In many orbicular societies, an extended family has been described as the basic family group. In some cultures such as those with Asian origin, an entire extended family may live under the same roof. These may include uncles, aunts, grandparents and even foster children.Sometimes children of parents who have died or separated may be raise by their grandparents (Mosbys Medical Dictionary, 2009). Conclusion Despite the many types of marriage and family structure, one thing that is clear is that, marriage and family are important part of the human race. This is wherefore all cultures in the world have both. Marriage is often viewed as a gateway into a family, though there are those that form families without marrying formally. It is however important for people to formalize their marriages as it will be easier to deal with some setbacks in the families such as divorces or death. .