Final exam Essay

SAINT PETERS UNIVERSITYSCHOOL OF agreeNU 304 NXFINAL EXAMINATIONSPRING 20141. When the immunoglobulin crosses the placenta, what type of immunity does the foetus receive? a. Activeb. Passivec. Innated. Cell-mediated2. The p reddenedominant antibody of a emblematic primary immune response is a. IgGb. IgMc. IgAd. immunoglobulin E3. tour externalisening care, a nurture recalls seasonal allergic rhinitis is expressed through a. IgE-mediated reactionsb. Tissue-specific reactionsc. Antigen-antibody complexesd. Type II hypersensitivity reactions4. When histamine is released in the body, which of the following responses would the hold up birth? a. Bronchial dilationb. Edemac. Vasoconstrictiond. Constipation5. When thought capability and arousal level are intact but a persevering cannot communicate, the patient role role has a. intellectual deathb. Locked-in syndromec. Dysphagiad. Cerebellar motor syndrome6. A 65-year-old phallic recently suffered a cerebral vascular accident. He is now unable(p) to recognize and identify objects by touch because of accidental flaw to the sensory cortex. How should the suck in document this finding? a. Hypomimesisb. Agnosiac. Dysphasiad. Echolalia7. A 69-year-old manlike with a history of alcoholic drink abuse presents to the emergency room (ER) after a month-long episode of headaches and confusion. base on his alcoholism, a liable(predicate) cause of his neurologic tokens is a. Concussionb. degenerative subdural hematomac. Epidural hematomad. Subacute subdural hematoma8. _____ are just about(prenominal) at risk of spinal cord injury from minor trauma. a. Infantsb. Menc. Womend. The elderly9. Six weeks ago a egg-producing(prenominal) patient suffered a T6 spinal cord injury. She then developed a demarcation pressure of 200/120, a severe headache, blurred vision, and bradycardia. What does the shelter suspect the patient is experiencing? a. Extreme spinal shockb. ague disquietc. involuntary hyperreflexiad. Parasympathetic areflexia10. A 23-year-old fe priapic person begins having problems with tiredness, weakness, and visual changes. Her diagnosing is denary sclerosis (MS). What is occurring in the patients body? a. Depletion of dopamine in the centralnervous dodging (CNS) b. Demyelination of nerve fibers in the CNSc. The developing of neurofibril webs in the CNSd. goinguced amounts of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction11. Which avowal by a patient indicates teaching was successful regarding myasthenia gravis? myasthenia gravis gravis results from a. viral transmittance of skeletal muscleb. Atrophy of motor neurons in the spinal cordc. Demyelination of skeletal motor neuronsd. Autoimmune injury at the neuromuscular junction12. If a patients posterior pituitary gland is removed, which endocrine gland would the lactate expect to decrease? a. PRFb. ADHc. ACTHd. GH13. If a patient had a problem with the adrenal medulla, which of the following endocrine glands should the n urse monitoring device? a. Cortisolb. Epinephrinec. Androgensd. Estrogens14. When catecholamines are released in a patient, what should the nurse assess for? a. Nutrient absorptionb. Fluid retentionc. Hypotensiond. Hyperglycemia15. A 45-year-old womanly has elevated thyroxine merchandise. Which of the following would accompany this condition? a. change magnitude thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH)b. Increased anterior pituitary stimulationc. Decreased T4d. Decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)16. A 54-year-old patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (lung infection) is evaluated for syndrome of inappropriate ADH discrimination (SIADH). Which of the following electrolyte imbalances would be judge in this patient? a. Hyponatremiab. Hyperkalemiac. Hypernatremiad. Hypokalemia17. A 22-year-old male is admitted to the intensive care unit with a closed head injury sustained in a motorcycle accident. The injury has caused severe vilify to the posterior pituitary. Which of the followin g complications should the nurse anticipate? a. Dilutional hyponatremiab. Dehydration from polyuriac. Cardiac view as from hyperkalemiad. Metabolic acidosis18. While checking the lab results for a patient with Graves disease, the nurse would check the T3 level to be abnormally a. Lowb. Highc. variable quantityd. Absent19. A 19-year-old female person with type 1 DM was admitted to the infirmary with the following lab values serum glucose 500 mg/dl ( full(prenominal)), urine glucose and ke tonicitys 4+ (high), and arterial pH 7.20 (low). Her parents state that she has been sick with the flu for a week. Which of the following statements best explains her acidotic state? a. Increased insulin levels advertise protein breakdown and ketone formation. b. Her uncontrolled diabetes has led to renal failure.c. Low serum insulin promotes lipoid storage and a corresponding release ofketones. d. Insulin deficiency promotes lipid metabolic process and ketone formation.20. A patient with Addis on disease has weakness and easy fatigability. A nurse recalls this is due to a. Hyperkalemiab. Hypoglycemiac. Hypocortisolismd. Metabolic acidosis21. A nurse wants to determine if in that location is kidney dysfunction in a patient with diabetes. Which of the following is the earliest manifestation? a. Polyuriab. Glycosuriac. Microalbuminuriad. Decreased glomerular filtration22. Which condition will cause a patient to secrete erythropoietin? a. Low blood pressureb. Hypercarbiac. Inflammationd. Hypoxia23. While planning care for a patient with urinary problems, the nurse recalls that the renin-angiotensin system will be activated by a. Increased blood intensity levelb. Elevated sodium concentrationsc. Decreased blood pressure in the corticoafferent arteriolesd. Renal hypertension24. A 55-year-old male presents reportage urinary retention. Tests learn that he has a lower urinary tract obstruction. Which of the following is of closely concern to the nurse? a. Vesicoureteral wan e and pyelonephritisb. Formation of renal calculic. Glomerulonephritisd. Increased bladder compliance25. A 15-year-old male was diagnosed with pharyngitis. Eight days later he developed acute glomerulonephritis. While reviewing the culture results, which of the following is the near likely cause of this disease? a. Klebsiellab. Human immunodeficiency computer virus (HIV)c. Genital herpes virusd. Group A -hemolytic streptococcus26. A 30-year-old male is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day, with albumin being the major protein. The most probable diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart is a. Cystitisb. Chronic pyelonephritisc. Acute glomerulonephritisd. Renal calculi27. A 54-year-old female is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following is a common symptom of this disease? a. Hematuriab. Dysuriac. Oliguriad. Proteinuria28. A 45-year-old female presents with hypertension, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and anemia. She is diagnosed with chronic renal failure. When the patient asks what caused this anemia, how should the nurse respond? Your anemia is caused by a. Red blood cells being lost in the urineb. Inadequate production of erythropoietinc. Inadequate iron absorption in the gutd. Red blood cells being injured as they pass through the glomerulus29. A 50-year-old male is experiencing reflux of chyme from the tum. He is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux. This condition is caused by a. Fibrosis of the lower thirdly of the esophagusb. Sympathetic nerve stimulationc. Loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincterd. Reverse peristalsis of the stomach30. A 10-month-old is brought to the pediatrician by the mother who states the baby has been experiencing colicky chafe followed by vomiting, sw have, nausea, and irritability. Testing reveals a condition in which one graphic symbol of the intestine telescopes into another. From which type of intestinal obstruction is he suffer ing? a. herniationb. Ileusc. Torsiond. Intussusception31. A 54-year-old male is diagnosed with peptic ulceration disease. This condition is most likely caused by a. Hereditary hormonal imbalances with high gastrin levelsb. Breaks in the mucosa and presence of corrosive secretions c. Decreased vagal bodily process and vascular engorgementd. Gastric erosions related to high ammonia levels and bile reflux32. A 39-year-old female with chronic intermittent pain in the epigastric area 2 to 3 hours after eating is diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer. Which of the following behaviors may have contributed to the development of the ulcer? a. Cigarette skunkb. Drinking caffeinated beveragesc. Consuming limited fiberd. Antacid consumption33. A 54-year-old male complains that he has been vomiting blood. Testsreveal portal hypertension. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his condition? a. Thrombosis in the spleenb. Cirrhosis of the liver-coloredc. Left ventricular failured. Renal stenosis34. A 60-year-old female with a history of alcoholism complains of recent weight gain and proficient flank pain. Physical examination reveals severe ascites. This condition is caused by decreased a. Albumin and lack of cellular integrityb. capillary tubing filtration pressurec. Capillary permeabilityd. Antidiuretic hormone secretion35. A 31-year-old female presents with midabdominal pain. She is expected to have acute pancreatitis. Which of the will be part of the treatment plan? (Select all that apply.) a. Narcotic analgesicsb. Restriction of food intakec.Nasogastric suctioningd. Antibioticse. IV fluids36. Cholecystitis is release of the gallbladder wall usually caused by a. Accumulation of bile in the hepatic ductb. Obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstonec. Accumulation of fat in the wall of the gallbladderd. Viral infection of the gallbladder37. While planning care for a patient with an extradural hematoma, which principle should the nurse remember? The main sou rce of discharge in extradural (epidural) hematomas is a. Arterialb. Venousc. Capillaryd. Sinus38. A 30-year-old white male recently suffered a cerebrovascular accident. Which of the following is the most likely factor that contributed to his stroke? a. Ageb. Genderc. Diabetesd. Race39. A 72-year-old male demonstrates left-sided weakness of upper and lower extremities. The symptoms lasted 4 hours and resolved with no evidence of infarction. The patient most likely experienced a(n) a. Stroke in evolutionb. Arteriovenous malformationc. Transient ischemic attackd. Cerebral hemorrhage40. A 25-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting fever, headache, nuchal rigidity, and decreased consciousness. She was previously treated for sinusitis. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? a. Aseptic meningitisb. Bacterial meningitisc. Fungal meningitisd. Nonpurulent meningitis41. A patient is admitted with amyotrophic askance sclerosis (amyotrophic lateral sclero sis). Which classic estimate findings will support the diagnosis of ALS? a. Progressive dementiab. Muscle weakness and atrophyc. Severe paresthesiasd. Autonomic dysfunctions42. Which information indicates the nurse understands assessment findings of an aneurysm? a. A headache is the most common symptomb. The majority are asymptomaticc. Nosebleeds are an advance(prenominal) symptomd. Epidural hemorrhage occurs in over 80% of patients43. A 50-year-old male patient is deficient in ADH production. Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse expect to find? a. Increased blood volumeb. Increased urine osmolalityc. Increased urine volumed. Increased arterial vasoconstriction44. Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus (DM), and SIADH function which of the following assessment manifestations? a. Polyuriab. Edemac. Vomiting and abdominal crampingd. Thirst45. A 22-year-old female has a low level of TSH. What condition does the nurse expect the patient is experiencing? a. Primar y hypothyroidismb. Secondary hypothyroidismc. Autoimmune hypothyroidismd. Atypical hypothyroidism46. A 45-year-old female with Graves disease underwent surgical removal of her thyroid gland. During the postoperative period, her serum calcium was low. The most probable reason for her low serum calcium is a. Hyperparathyroidism secondary to Graves diseaseb. Myxedema secondary to surgeryc. Hypoparathyroidism caused by surgical injury to the parathyroid glands d. Hypothyroidism resulting from lack of thyroid replacement47. A 12-year-old female is newly diagnosed with type 1 DM. When the parents ask what causes this, what is the nurses best response? a. A familial, autosomal dominant gene faultb. Obesity and lack of exercisec. Immune destruction of the pancreasd. Hyperglycemia from eating too many sweets48. When a nurse is assessing the physical features of individuals with Cushing syndrome, these findings will entangle a. Weight loss and muscle wastingb. Truncal obesity and moon esta blishmentc. Pallor and swollen tongued. Depigmented skin and eyelid lag49. A 45-year-old male complains of heartburn after eating and difficulty swallowing. He believably has a. Pyloric stenosisb. Gastric cancerc. Achalasiad. Hiatal hernia50. The primary causes of duodenal ulcers include (select all that apply) a. Consumption of spicy foodsb. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)c. H. pylori infectiond. Traumae. Side effects of antibiotics